Jagorar Gano Matsalolin Kwamfreso na Na'urar Sanyaya: Matsaloli na Yau da Kullum, Alamomi, da Shawarwarin Sauyawa

Laifukan kwampresan sanyaya ba sa farawa da gagarumar matsala a mafi yawan lokuta. A yawancin tsarin aiki, alamun gargadi sukan bayyana tun da wuri: zafin fitarwa yana ƙaruwa, na’ura tana yawan yankewa, tsotsarwa ba ta da daidaito, sanyaya ba ya kyau, farawa yana da hayaniya, ko mai yana dawowa ta hanyar da ba daidai ba. Ga ƙungiyoyin sabis da masu sayen na’urar maye, muhimmin abu ba kawai gano kwampresa mara kyau ba ne. Muhimmin abu shi ne a tantance ko kwampresan ne ainihin musabbabin matsalar, ko kuwa shi ne wanda wata matsalar tsarin ta shafa, ko kuma ya riga ya lalace fiye da gyaran da zai yi anfani ta fuskar kuɗi.

An tsara wannan jagorar gano matsalolin kwampresa bisa ga alamomin da masu fasaha ke gani a wurin aiki. Ta fi mayar da hankali kan abin da ya canza, dalilin da ya sa hakan yake da muhimmanci, wa abin ya shafa, da abin da masu rarrabawa, kamfanonin gyara, da masu girkawa ya kamata su bincika kafin yin odar sassa ko maye gurbin na’urar.

Fara Da Yanayin Tsarin Kafin Zargin Kwampresa

Kwampresa yana da alaƙa sosai da sauran sassan da’irar sanyaya. Yawancin abin da ake ɗauka a matsayin gazawar kwampresa na faruwa ne sakamakon kwararar iska, aikin condenser, yawan refrigerant, matsalolin metering, matsalolin wutar lantarki, ko rashin dawowar mai yadda ya kamata. Maye gurbin kwampresan ba tare da gyara waɗannan yanayi ba sau da yawa yana haifar da sake samun irin wannan gazawar.

Kafin fara bincike, tabbatar da abubuwan asali:

• Daidaitaccen wutar lantarki da kuma daidaitacciyar rarrabuwar wuta
• Kyakkyawan yanayin contactor da capacitor inda ya dace
• Condenser mai tsabta da isasshen iska
• Gudun iskar evaporator ko nauyin kaya cikin madaidaicin kima
• Daidaitaccen adadin refrigerant
• Babu wata babbar toshewa a filter drier, na'urar expansion, ko layin liquid
• An duba matakin mai da yanayin man inda ake iya gani
• Babu wata bayyananniyar alamar danshi, acid, ko gurɓacewar burn-out

Ga masu rarrabawa da masu sayen sassa, wannan yana da muhimmanci saboda gano matsala bisa ga alamu sau da yawa yana tantance ko aikin yana buƙatar controls da accessories kaɗai, ko kuma cikakken kunshin maye gurbin compressor tare da driers, contactors, mai, da kayan tsaftacewa.

Alamomin Yawan Faruwar Lalacewar Compressor da Abin da Suka Fi Yawa Nufi

Yin Zafi Fiye da Kima

Yin zafi fiye da kima na compressor yana ɗaya daga cikin korafe-korafen da aka fi yawan samu a aiki. Yana iya bayyana a matsayin thermal overload trips, zafin shell mai yawa, terminals da suka ƙone, mai da ya lalace, ko maimaita tsayawar aiki bayan ɗan gajeren lokacin gudu.

Dalilan da aka fi gani sun haɗa da:

• Condenser mai datti ko toshe
• Lalacewar fan na condenser ko rashin isasshen iska
• Yawan zafin muhalli a kusa da condensing unit
• Ƙarancin suction pressure sakamakon evaporator da ba ya samun isasshen ciyarwa ko ƙarancin refrigerant
• Babban compression ratio
• Adadin refrigerant mara daidai, ko dai ya yi ƙasa ko ya yi yawa gwargwadon yadda tsarin yake aiki
• Non-condensables a cikin tsarin
• Matsalolin wutar lantarki da ke jawo yawan motor current

Dalilin da ya sa yake da muhimmanci: zafi mai yawa yana lalata man shafawa, yana sanya damuwa ga rufin nada, kuma yana ƙara yiwuwar lalacewar dindindin ga motar. Idan yawan zafin ya ci gaba, kwampreso na iya tashi daga yanayin da za a iya gyarawa zuwa yanayin makale ko gazawar lantarki.

Abubuwan da za a duba:

• Yanayin zafin condensing da tsaftar condenser
• Suction superheat da ciyarwar evaporator
• Yawan current da ake ja idan aka kwatanta da yanayin aiki da ake tsammani
• Faduwar wuta yayin farawa da aiki
• Launi da ƙanshin mai idan ana iya dubawa

Lokacin da gyara kaɗai zai iya isa:

• Tsaftace condenser yana mayar da head pressure zuwa daidai
• Gazawar fan motor, contactor, ko capacitor ita ce babbar matsala
• Daidaita charge yana dawo da suction da discharge cikin kewayon da ya dace
• An gano matsalar metering device kafin lalacewar winding ta faru

Lokacin da sauyawa ya zama mai yiwuwa sosai:

• Maimaita thermal trips tare da alamun lalacewar winding insulation
• Terminals da suka ƙone ko tsananin alamun zafi fiye da kima
• Lalacewar mai da gurɓatar ciki bayan dogon lokaci na overheating
• Kwampreso yana aiki amma ba ya ƙara riƙe capacity bayan wani al'amari mai alaƙa da zafi

Short Cycling

Short cycling na kwampreso yana nufin yawan farawa da tsayawa akai-akai, sau da yawa ba tare da amfani mai yawa na sanyaya tsakanin zagayowar ba. Wannan na iya lalata contactors, overloads, da motor windings, sannan kuma yana haifar da rashin daidaiton zafin akwatin a cold rooms da refrigeration cabinets.

Abubuwan da suka fi haddasa hakan sun haɗa da:

• An saita kulawar matsa lamba ba daidai ba
• Lalacewar thermostat ko na’urar sarrafawa
• Karancin cajin refrigerant
• Kwampresan ya yi girma fiye da abin da load profile ɗin ke buƙata
• Takaitaccen kwararar iska wanda ke haifar da sauye-sauyen matsa lamba cikin sauri
• Babban head pressure yana kunna kariya
• Katsewar lantarki daga raunanan relays, contactors, ko sako-sakon haɗe-haɗe

Dalilin muhimmancinsa: kowane farawa lamari ne mai matuƙar damuwa ga na’ura. Yawan yawan kunnawa da kashewa yana ƙara lalacewar lantarki da ta injina, kuma daga baya zai iya haifar da wahalar farawa ko yanayin locked rotor.

Abin da za a duba:

• Saitunan cut-in da cut-out a kan na’urorin kulawa
• Aikin pressure switch da ingancin wayoyi
• Yawan farawar kwampresa a awa ɗaya idan aka kwatanta da yadda aikace-aikacen yake a al’ada
• Anti-short-cycle logic a cikin na’urar sarrafawa
• Yanayin suction pressure da daidaiton load na evaporator

Lokacin da gyara kaɗai zai iya isa:

• Sauya faulty controls, relays, ko pressure switches
• Gyara matsalolin low charge ko airflow
• Daidaita saitunan kulawa su dace da aikace-aikacen

Lokacin da maye gurbin zai iya zama mafi kyawun shawara:

• Short cycling ya riga ya haifar da damuwar winding, farawa mai ƙara, ko maimaita tripping na overload
• Kwampresan ya rasa capacity kuma ba zai iya pull down ba ko da bayan an gyara matsalolin kulawa
• Start components suna yawan lalacewa saboda kwampresan ya yi mechanically tight

Locked Rotor ko Wahalar Farawa

Kwampreso mai locked rotor ba ya farawa duk da cewa wuta tana nan. Yana iya yin ƙaramin ƙara na ɗan lokaci, ya katse saboda overload, ya jawo ƙwarai da gaske na lantarki, ko kuma ya buƙaci maimaita ƙoƙarin reset. A wasu lokuta matsalar tana da alaƙa da lantarki. A wasu kuma, kwampreson ya makale ta fuskar inji.

Abubuwan da za su iya jawo hakan sun haɗa da:

• Ƙarancin wuta lokacin farawa
• Lalacewar start capacitor, relay, ko potential relay inda ake amfani da su
• Lambobin contactor da suka manne ko suka tsufa
• Makalewar inji a ciki
• Lalacewar liquid floodback ko slugging da ta kai ga lalacewar ciki
• Tsananin zafi fiye da kima da ya karkatar da sassan ciki

Dalilin da ya sa wannan yake da muhimmanci: ainihin yanayin locked rotor yawanci alama ce ta babban matakin yanke shawara. Maimaita ƙoƙarin kunna kwampreso da ya makale na iya ƙara tsananta lalacewar kuma ya ƙone windings.

Abin da ya kamata a duba:

• Ainihin wutar farawa a tashoshin kwampreso
• Yanayin start components da contactor
• Yawan amp draw yayin ƙoƙarin farawa
• Tarihin ƙarar inji kafin lalacewar
• Alamun dawowar ruwa ko floodback a cikin tsarin

Lokacin da gyara kaɗai zai iya isa:

• An tabbatar da lalacewar start capacitor ko relay kuma an gyara
• Matsalolin samar da wuta ko control circuit suna hana farawa yadda ya kamata

Lokacin da sauyawa yawanci ake buƙata:

• Kwampreso ya ci gaba da kasancewa a locked bayan an tabbatar da sassan lantarki
• Windings sun lalace saboda maimaitattun lokutan locked-rotor current
• Makalewar cikin kwampreso tana da alaƙa da gazawar mai, gurɓatawa, ko slugging

Ga masu siya, kiran rotor da ya makale sau da yawa yana buƙatar fiye da kawai compressor. Oda na iya buƙatar kayan farawa, contactors, liquid line driers, suction cleanup driers inda ya dace, da sassan sarrafa mai gwargwadon yanayin lalacewar.

Matsalolin Mai, Zafin Fitarwa Mai Yawa, da Haɗarin Lalacewar Ciki

Matsalolin Mai

Matsalolin mai na iya bayyana a matsayin ƙarancin matakin mai, kumfar mai, taruwar mai a cikin evaporator, mai mai duhu ko ƙonewa, ko yawan maimaita hayaniyar da ke da alaƙa da bearing. Compressors suna dogaro da ingantaccen shafawa, kuma matsalolin da suka shafi mai sau da yawa suna ci gaba a hankali ba tare da an lura ba har sai ƙarfin aiki ya ragu ko na'urar ta makale.

Dalilai na yau da kullum sun haɗa da:

• Rashin dawowar mai yadda ya kamata saboda tsarin bututun da aka tsara mara kyau ko ƙarancin saurin iskar gas
• Hijirar refrigerant da rage kaurin mai
• Floodback yana wanke mai daga bearings
• Nau'in mai ko viscosity mara daidai
• Yawan zafin aiki da ke lalata mai
• Lalacewar ciki da ke gurɓata mai

Dalilin da ya sa yake da muhimmanci: da zarar shafawa ya lalace, lalacewa tana saurin ƙaruwa. Bearings, valves, da saman sassan ciki na iya lalacewa ko da bangaren lantarki har yanzu yana nuna sakamakon gwaji na al'ada.

Abin da za a duba:

• Matakin mai da yanayinsa inda ake iya gani
• Tsarin shimfiɗar bututu da traps a tsarin nesa
• Saurin dawowar gas da yanayin ɗaukar kaya
• Alamun floodback, kamar zufar crankcase ko superheat mara daidaito
• Acid ko gurɓatawa bayan abin da ya faru na burn-out

Lokacin da gyara kaɗai zai iya wadatarwa:

• Gyara matsalolin ƙirar dawowar mai a cikin tsarin
• Magance floodback, migration, ko saitunan sarrafawa
• Sauya gurbataccen mai da driers idan kwampresan bai fuskanci babban lalacewa ba

Lokutan da ya kamata a yi la’akari da sauyawa:

• Hayaniyar bearing, makalewa, ko rasa ingancin famfo
• Lalacewar mai da ke da alaƙa da zafi fiye da kima ko burn-out
• Maimaituwar alamun asarar mai bayan gyaran tsarin

Zafin Fitarwa Mai Yawa

Ana yawan ɗaukar zafin fitarwa mai yawa a matsayin wata matsala dabam, amma galibi yana nuna akwai damuwa a wani wuri a cikin zagayen aiki. Zai iya haifar da lalacewar bawul, samuwar carbon, da lalacewar mai.

Abubuwan da suka fi jawo hakan sun haɗa da:

• Matsakaicin matsewa mai yawa
• Ƙarancin matsin tsotsa
• Rashin wadataccen ciyarwar evaporator
• Ɗatti a condenser ko rashin fitar da zafi yadda ya kamata
• Ƙarancin refrigerant
• Toshewa a layin tsotsa ko na’urar auna kwarara

Dalilin da ya sa yake da muhimmanci: zafin fitarwa mai yawa alama ce mai ƙarfi ta gargaɗi tun da wuri. Idan aka yi watsi da shi, zai iya canza kwampresan daga matsalar aiki zuwa cikakkiyar lalacewar inji ta dindindin.

Abubuwan da ya kamata a bincika:

• Suction superheat da ciyarwar evaporator
• Yanayin condensing da zafin muhalli
• Fāɗuwar matsin lamba a fadin driers ko toshewar layi
• Yanayin zafin layin fitarwa a tsawon lokaci

Lokutan da gyara kaɗai zai iya isa:

• Mayar da yanayin tsotsa da condensing zuwa na al’ada
• Sauya driers da suka toshe ko gyara matsalolin ciyarwa

Lokutan da sauyawa ya fi yiwuwa:

• Kwampreso ya riga ya rasa ingancin bawul
• Mai ya ƙone ya zama carbon ko ya sauya launi sosai
• Ƙarfi ya ci gaba da zama mara kyau bayan an gyara yanayin tsarin

Babu Sanyaya: Yadda Ake Bambance Lalacewar Kwampreso Da Lalacewar Tsari

Rashin sanyaya ba koyaushe yana nufin cewa kwampreso ya lalace ba. Tsaruka da yawa suna ci gaba da aiki da ƙarancin inganci saboda asarar caji, drier da ya toshe, evaporator da ya yi ƙanƙara, gazawar fan, matsalolin sarrafawa, ko lalatattun bawuloli a cikin kwampreso.

Hanyar aiki mai amfani a filin aiki ita ce a raba matsalar zuwa tambayoyi uku:

Shin kwampreso yana aiki?

Idan ba ya aiki, matsalar na iya zama:

• Gazawar samar da wuta
• Overload ko safety control a buɗe
• Thermostat ko controller mai matsala
• Contactor ko start component da ya lalace
• Yanayin locked rotor

Idan yana aiki, shin yana yin pumping yadda ya kamata?

Alamomin rashin pumping mai kyau sun haɗa da:

• Aikin pull-down mai rauni
• Ƙaramin bambanci tsakanin yanayin suction da discharge
• Zafin akwatin baya dawowa yadda ya kamata a ƙarƙashin nauyin aiki na al'ada
• Yawan current da ake ja wanda bai dace da aikin compression da ake tsammani ba

Wannan na iya nuna bawuloli da suka tsufa, bypassing na ciki, lalacewar inji, ko ɓangaren motor da ya lalace.

Shin sauran sassan tsarin ne ke hana sanyaya na al'ada?

Duba waɗannan:

• Ƙarancin cajar refrigerant
• Liquid line drier da ya takaita kwarara
• Matsalolin expansion valve
• Matsalar iska a condenser
• Gazawar fan na evaporator
• Yawaitar samuwar ƙanƙara da ke rage musayar zafi

Ga kamfanonin sabis, wannan bambanci yana shafar duka lokacin kammalawa da ribar ciniki. Sauya compressor lokacin da ainihin matsalar toshewar drier ne ko lalacewar fan motor yana ƙara kuɗi, yana jinkirta commissioning, kuma yana ƙara haɗarin callback.

Gyara ko Sauya? Tsarin Yanke Shawara Mai Aiki

Ba kowanne compressor da ya lalace ya kamata a sauya nan take ba, kuma ba kowanne compressor da ke fama da matsala ya cancanci a ceci shi ba. Shawarar yawanci tana komawa ne ga yanayi, haɗarin contamination, nauyin aiki, da tabbacin cewa an gano ainihin musabbabin matsalar.

Gyara sassan da ke da alaƙa idan:

• Electrical controls su ne a sarari musabbabin matsalar
• Start components sun lalace amma compressor har yanzu yana gwaji kuma yana aiki yadda ya kamata bayan haka
• Matsalar head pressure, airflow, ko charge suna bayyana alamar matsalar ba tare da lalacewar cikin gida ba
• Yanayin oil har yanzu abin karɓa ne kuma babu alamar burn-out
• Capacity ta koma daidai bayan an gyara matsalar tsarin

Sauya compressor idan:

• Windings suna grounded, open, ko burnt
• Rotor ya kulle bayan an kawar da electrical causes
• Lalacewar cikin gida ko lalacewar valve suna haifar da asarar capacity ta dindindin
• Oil ya gurɓace sosai saboda burn-out ko tsananin overheating
• Compressor yana da tarihin repeated trips da raguwar performance
• Haɗarin aiki da downtime na ci gaba da barinsa cikin sabis ya yi yawa sosai

Abin da masu saye da ’yan kwangila ya kamata su shirya domin aikin maye gurbi

Maye gurbi da aka yi daidai sau da yawa yana haɗawa da fiye da kwampreso kaɗai. Dangane da nau’in gazawar, aikin na iya buƙatar:

• Sabbin contactor da sassan overload
• Start capacitor ko relay inda ya dace
• Sauya liquid line drier
• Suction cleanup drier don tsarin da ya gurɓace inda ya dace
• Daidaitaccen nau’in mai da adadinsa
• Terminal kit ko gyaran wayoyi
• Binciken sarrafawa da duba saitin matsa lamba
• Gyaran tushen matsalar, kamar fan motor, expansion valve, ko aikin airflow

Ga masu rarrabawa da ke hidima ga kasuwannin fitarwa, tallafin da ya fi amfani sau da yawa shi ne taimaka wa abokin ciniki ya daidaita maye gurbin ba kawai ta samfurin (model) ba, har ma da yanayin aikace-aikace, refrigerant, ƙayyadaddun lantarki, da tarihin gazawa.

Abin da Ƙungiyoyin Sabis Ya Kamata Su Rubuta Kafin Yin Oda na Maye Guri

Tsarin maye gurbi mai sauri kuma mafi daidaito yana farawa da ingantattun bayanan matsala. Kafin yin oda, ku tattara:

• Samfurin kompresa da bayanan lantarki
• Nau'in refrigerant da ake amfani da shi a cikin tsarin
• Nau'in aikace-aikace: kwandishan, firiza, mai sanyaya, ɗakin sanyi, condensing unit, rack, da sauransu
• Matsa lambar tsotsa da ta fitarwa da aka auna
• Wuta da yawan current da ake ja
• Yanayin mai da duk wata alamar gurɓatawa
• Alamar matsala da aka lura da ita: zafi fiye da kima, yin kunna-kashe akai-akai, rotor ya kulle, babu sanyaya, zafin fitarwa mai yawa, asarar mai
• Matsalolin sauran sassa masu alaƙa da aka riga aka gano

Wannan bayanin yana taimakawa wajen guje wa sauye-sauyen da ba su dace ba kuma yana rage yiwuwar maimaita matsalar asali.

Kyakkyawan jagorar gano matsalar kompresa ya kamata ya kai ga yanke shawara, ba kawai gano matsala ba. Ainihin manufar ita ce dawo da sanyaya mai dogaro tare da hana maimaita lalacewa. A aikace, wannan yana nufin karanta alamar matsala a cikin mahallin cikakken tsarin refrigeration, gyara tushen matsalar, da maye gurbin kompresa ne kawai idan yanayinsa ya tabbatar da kuɗin da za a kashe da lokacin tsayawar aiki.