Gano Lalacewar Kwamfreso: Alamomi 15 da Yawancin Suke Nuna da Asalinsu

Gano matsalar lalacewar kwampreso na ɗaya daga cikin muhimman ƙwarewa a aikin sabis na na'urar sanyaya da air-conditioning. Kwampreso yana da tsada, tsayawar aiki na tsarin yana da tsada, kuma maye gurbin ɓangaren da ba daidai ba yana haifar da maimaita lalacewa, saɓanin garanti, da kwastomomi marasa jin daɗi. Ga masu rarrabawa, masu girkawa, da ƙungiyoyin gyara, ingantaccen gano matsala shi ne bambanci tsakanin saurin dawo da aiki da sake samun wata matsala ta biyu.

A wurin aiki, matsalolin kwampreso ba safai suke bayyana a matsayin kuskure guda ɗaya mai bayyani ba. Na'ura na iya yankewa saboda overload sakamakon zafin condensing mai yawa, ƙarancin voltage, liquid floodback, ko lalacewar inji ta ciki. Kwampreso da ba zai fara aiki ba na iya kasancewa yana da capacitor da ya lalace, contactor mai matsala, locked rotor, ko windings da suka lalace. Shi ya sa ingantaccen gano matsala dole ne ya bi tsari: tabbatar da alamar matsalar, duba yanayin aiki, ware ɓangaren lantarki, sannan a tantance dalilan inji da waɗanda suka shafi refrigerant.

Wannan jagorar ta ƙunshi alamomin kwampreso 15 da aka saba gani, yiwuwar ainihin musabbabansu, da gwaje-gwajen aiki masu taimakawa technicians, refrigeration contractors, da masu sayen spare parts wajen yanke shawara ko za a iya gyara kwampreso a cikin tsarin ko kuma ya kamata a maye gurbinsa.

Fara Da Tsarin Gano Matsala Mai Tsaro da Tsari

Kafin a gwada kwampreso ɗin kansa, tabbatar da yanayin tsarin da ke kewaye da shi. Ana maye gurbin kwampreso da yawa alhali ainihin matsalar tana wani wuri dabam a cikin circuit.

Tsaro na asali da shiri

• Kashe wuta gaba ɗaya kafin gwajin resistance
• Yi amfani da ma'aunai da aka daidaita, clamp meter, da insulation tester inda ya dace
• Tabbatar da nau'in refrigerant da aikace-aikacen sa
• Duba tarihin gyara, gyare-gyaren baya-bayan nan, da duk wani burnout na baya
• Bincika bayyanannun alamu kamar tabon mai, konewar terminals, lalatattun wayoyi, ko tsarin daskararrewa

Tsarin bincike da aka ba da shawara

1. Tabbatar da ƙorafin

Shin compressor ɗin:

• Ba ya farawa?
• Yana farawa sannan ya katse?
• Yana aiki ba tare da tsayawa ba?
• Yana da hayaniya?
• Yana yin zafi fiye da kima?
• Yana rasa ƙarfi?

2. Duba samar da wutar lantarki

Tabbatar da:

• Wutar layi a terminals na compressor
• Daidaiton phase a kan na'urorin three-phase
• Wutar sarrafawa zuwa contactor ko relay
• Yanayin capacitors, relays, overloads, da wayoyi

3. Duba pressures da temperatures na aiki

Duba:

• Pressure na suction da discharge
• Superheat da subcooling inda ya dace
• Condensing temperature da evaporating temperature
• Zafin jikin shell na compressor
• Yanayin muhalli da yanayin airflow

4. Tantance yanayin compressor

Gwada:

• Winding resistance da continuity
• Ground insulation
• Starting current da running current
• Aikin pumping
• Alamun contamination, burnout, ko lalacewar liquid

15 Alamomin Compressor na Kowa da Tushen Dalilai

1. Compressor ba zai fara ba

Wannan na ɗaya daga cikin kiran sabis da ake yawan samu.

Abubuwan da suka fi yawan haddasawa:

• Babu wutar lantarki ko ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki
• Contactor, relay, ko start capacitor sun lalace
• Overload protector a buɗe yake
• Rotor ya makale
• Windings sun ƙone ko sun yanke
• Matsala a control circuit kamar thermostat, pressure switch, ko controller

Abin da za a duba:

• Ƙarfin lantarki a gefen line da gefen load na contactor
• Ƙimar capacitor a na’urorin single-phase
• Continuity na overload da relay
• Juriya na winding tsakanin terminals
• Insulation zuwa ƙasa

Idan wutar shigarwa da controls duk daidai ne amma compressor har yanzu ba zai iya juyawa ba, to makalewar sassan inji ko mummunar lalacewar winding sun fi yiwuwa.

2. Compressor yana yin ƙara amma ba ya aiki

Compressor da ke yin ƙara yawanci yana nuna cewa wuta tana isa ga motar, amma ba zai iya farawa yadda ya kamata ba.

Abubuwan da suka fi yawan haddasawa:

• Start capacitor ya yi rauni ko ya lalace
• Start relay yana da matsala
• Ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki yayin load
• Rotor ya makale
• Yawan bambancin matsa lamba lokacin sake farawa

Abin da za a duba:

• Auna start components
• Kwatanta ƙarfin lantarki lokacin farawa da iyakar da ke kan nameplate
• Ba da lokaci matsa lamba ya daidaita idan tsarin ba ya amfani da unloading ko delay
• Duba halayen locked rotor current

3. Compressor yana yanke overload jim kaɗan bayan farawa

Idan compressor ya fara aiki sannan ya tsaya saboda thermal overload, a mai da hankali kan nauyin motar da kuma fitar da zafi.

Dalilan asali na gama-gari:

• Matsa lambar condensing mai yawa
• Gazawar fan ɗin condenser ko condenser mai datti
• Iskar da ba sa condense a cikin tsarin
• Cika fiye da kima
• Ƙarancin wuta ko rashin daidaiton phase
• Juriya ta inji a ciki

Abin da za a duba:

• Head pressure da yanayin condensing
• Gudun iska a kan condenser ko kwararar ruwa a tsarin water-cooled
• Amperage yayin aiki idan aka kwatanta da rated current
• Rashin daidaiton voltage a kan compressors masu three-phase

4. Compressor yana aiki amma baya yin pumping yadda ya kamata

Motor na iya yin aiki, amma tasirin refrigeration yana da rauni ko babu.

Dalilan asali na gama-gari:

• Valves da suka lalace ko reed valves da suka samu matsala
• Zubewa a ciki
• Karyayyun sassa na ciki
• Refrigerant charge mai ƙasa sosai wanda ke haifar da alamomi masu ruɗani

Abin da za a duba:

• Suction pressure baya raguwa yadda ake tsammani
• Discharge pressure baya ƙaruwa yadda ya kamata
• Compression ratio mara kyau
• Sauti mara kyau daga lalacewar valve

Compressor da yake aiki amma pumping ɗinsa yake da rauni yakan nuna gazawar inji ta ciki maimakon matsalar lantarki mai sauƙi.

5. Compressor yana cycle a kan overload akai-akai

Maimaita thermal trips suna nuna akwai yanayin aiki da ke maimaituwa maimakon shutdown na bazata.

Dalilan asali na gama-gari:

• Coil ɗin condenser mai datti
• Gazawar fan motor
• Zafin muhalli mai yawa
• Refrigerant charge mara daidai
• Faduwar voltage yayin peak load
• Ƙuntataccen airflow a condensing unit

Abin da za a duba:

• Tsabtar condenser da aikin fan
• Zafin jikin kwandon compressor
• Yawan current da ake ja a tsawon lokaci
• Matsin refrigerant a yanayin aiki mai daidaito

6. Compressor yana yin zafi sosai

Yin zafi sosai alama ce, ba ganewar matsala ba. Dalilin na iya zama na lantarki, mai alaƙa da refrigerant, ko na inji.

Dalilan asali na gama-gari:

• Babban zafin discharge
• Ƙarancin sanyin suction saboda ƙarancin caji ko toshewa
• Rashin isasshen sanyaya daga iskar dawowa
• Babban compression ratio
• Overcurrent na motor
• Asarar mai ko rashin kyau lubrication

Abin da za a duba:

• Yanayin iskar dawowa
• Load na evaporator da airflow
• Suction superheat
• Yanayin canjin zafin discharge line
• Matakin mai da yanayin mai inda ake iya gani

7. Babban current draw

Yawan amperage mai yawa yana ƙara zafi da matsin lamba ga insulation.

Dalilan asali na gama-gari:

• Babban head pressure
• Ƙarancin voltage da ke sa current ya ƙaru
• Maƙalewar inji
• Capacitor mara dacewa a na'urorin single-phase
• Compressor yana aiki a wajen intended application envelope

Abin da za a duba:

• Ainihin amps na aiki a kowace phase
• Voltage a terminals na compressor a ƙarƙashin load
• Yanayin condensing
• Yanayin rotor idan startup current ya ci gaba da kasancewa sama da ƙima ba bisa ka'ida ba

8. Ƙaramin current draw tare da rashin kyau sanyaya

Low amp draw ba koyaushe ba ne alama mai kyau.

Dalilan asali da aka fi samu:

• Ƙarancin adadin refrigerant
• Evaporator na rasa isasshen abinci saboda toshewa
• Bawulolin compressor marasa inganci
• Raguwar nauyi ko na'urar faɗaɗawa da ta lalace

Abubuwan da za a duba:

• Matsa lambar suction da superheat
• Yanayin sight glass idan an girka
• Saukar zafi a fadin filter drier
• Ƙarfin compressor wajen tura refrigerant

9. Compressor na yin ƙara ko bugawa

Hayaniyar inji sau da yawa tana ba da gargaɗi da wuri kafin cikakkiyar lalacewa.

Dalilan asali da aka fi samu:

• Komawar ruwa zuwa baya ko slugging
• Karyayyun bawuloli na ciki ko spring
• Bearings da suka lalace saboda amfani
• Dutsen girkawa da ya saki ko rawar bututu
• Haɗuwar mai da wani abu har ya yi rauni

Abubuwan da za a duba:

• Tsarin sauti yayin farawa da lokacin aiki
• Daskararren suction line ko alamun floodback
• Yanayin mai
• Grommets na girkawa da tallafin layi

Wani kaifi mai kama da bugawa a lokacin farawa na iya nuna cewa ruwa na shiga compressor, wanda zai iya lalata bawuloli da sanduna cikin sauri sosai.

10. Compressor na yin short cycle

Short cycling na nufin compressor yana farawa kuma yana tsayawa sau da yawa fiye da kima.

Dalilan asali da aka fi samu:

• Na'urar sarrafa matsa lamba ko thermostat mai matsala
• Saitunan differential marasa daidai
• Sassan tsarin da suka fi girman da ake bukata
• Ƙarancin caji yana sa low-pressure cutout ya yi trip
• Zafi fiye da kima yana sa thermal protector ya yi reset a zagaye-zagaye

Abubuwan da za a duba:

• Saitunan sarrafawa da wurin sanya sensor
• Aikin pressure switch
• Yanayin cajin refrigerant
• Mafi ƙarancin lokacin kashewa da anti-short-cycle controls

11. Matsin tsotsa ya yi ƙasa sosai

Ƙarancin matsin tsotsa na iya zama matsalar tsarin da ke saka kwampreso cikin danniya.

Abubuwan da suka fi yawan jawo hakan:

• Ƙarancin refrigerant
• Toshewar filter drier ko na’urar faɗaɗawa
• Matsalar kwararar iska a evaporator
• Yanayin ƙarancin load
• Evaporator mai kankara

Abin da za a duba:

• Superheat
• Raguwar zafin jiki a fadin drier
• Yanayin sanyi/kankara a kan evaporator da sassan liquid line
• Aikin blower ko fan

12. Matsin fitarwa ya yi yawa sosai

Yawan matsin fitarwa yana ƙara load na motar da zafin fitarwa.

Abubuwan da suka fi yawan jawo hakan:

• Condenser mai datti
• Fan na condenser baya aiki
• Yawan refrigerant fiye da kima
• Non-condensables
• Yanayin muhalli mai zafi
• Taruwar scaling a water-cooled condenser ko ƙarancin kwarara

Abin da za a duba:

• Yanayin iska ko ruwa mai shiga da fita a condenser
• Juyawar fan blade da amperage na mota
• Alaƙar pressure-temperature na refrigerant ɗin da ake amfani da shi

13. Alamun compressor burnout

Burnout na ɗaya daga cikin manyan gazawa mafi tsanani saboda yana gurɓata tsarin.

Abubuwan da suka fi yawan jawo hakan:

• Tsananin zafi fiye da kima
• Lalacewar electrical insulation
• Overcurrent mai ɗorewa
• Samuwar acid bayan maimaituwar zafi fiye da kima ko rashin kyakkyawan tsaftacewa bayan gazawar baya

Abin da za a duba:

• Ƙamshin ƙonewa a cikin mai
• Duhuntar mai da ragowar carbon
• Gwajin acid inda ya dace
• Ground fault a kan windings
• Driers da oil circuit masu gurɓatawa

Ganewar burnout yana shafar dabarar maye gurbin na'ura. Bai kamata a girka sabon compressor ba har sai an tsaftace tsarin, an maye gurbin driers, kuma an sarrafa haɗarin gurɓatawa.

14. Compressor yana farawa a juyawar baya a tsarin three-phase

Ko da yake ba ya yawan faruwa, juyawa a baya na iya haifar da raunin tura iska/ruwa da kuma hayaniya.

Abubuwan da suka fi jawo matsalar:

• Tsarin jerin phase ba daidai ba bayan girkawa ko gyara

Abin da za a duba:

• Hanyar juyawa
• Halayen matsa lamba nan da nan bayan farawa
• Tsarin jeri na phase a terminals

Wannan yana da muhimmanci musamman bayan sake haɗa wayoyi a wurin aiki ko maye gurbin compressor.

15. Maimaita lalacewar compressor a cikin tsarin guda

Idan compressors da yawa suna lalacewa a cikin girkawa ɗaya, ɓangaren da aka maye gurbin yawanci ba shi ne ainihin tushen matsalar ba.

Abubuwan da suka fi jawo matsalar:

• Rashin dawowar mai yadda ya kamata
• Floodback ko slugging
• Zaɓin aikace-aikace mara daidai
• Gurɓataccen tsari bayan burnout
• Wutar lantarki marar daidaito
• Bututun da ba daidai ba, controls, ko adadin refrigerant mara daidai

Abin da za a duba:

• Tsarin girkawa da girman layuka
• Kula da mai a tsarin ƙananan zafi ko masu dogayen bututu
• Ingancin ƙarfin lantarki da daidaiton phase
• Saitin na'urar faɗaɗawa da sarrafa superheat
• Ko compressor ɗin da aka zaɓa ya dace da yanayin aikin da ake buƙata

Matsalolin Lantarki, Na Inji, da na Refrigerant: Yadda Za a Raba Su

Alamomin gazawar lantarki

Kurakuran lantarki sau da yawa suna bayyana kamar haka:

• Ba ya farawa ko yana farawa da wahala
• Babban current tare da ɗan juyawa kaɗan
• Breakers ko overloads sun katse
• Terminals ko wayoyi sun ƙone
• Windings a buɗe, sun yi short, ko sun yi grounded

Muhimman gwaje-gwaje

Duba voltage: Auna a terminals na compressor yayin da ake ƙoƙarin farawa.

Resistance na winding: Kwatanta karatun daga terminal-zuwa-terminal don tabbatar da continuity da daidaito da ake tsammani.

Insulation zuwa ground: Yi amfani da na'urar gwajin insulation idan ya dace kuma a bi hanyoyin da manufacturer ya amince da su don tsaro.

Kayan farawa: Gwada capacitance na capacitor da aikin relay a kan units masu single-phase.

Alamomin gazawar inji

Matsalolin inji sau da yawa suna bayyana kamar haka:

• Ƙarar bugawa, karkarwa, ko ƙarar ƙarfe
• Yanayin locked rotor
• Rashin pumping mai kyau duk da karatun lantarki na al'ada
• Ƙarancin capacity tare da compression mara kwanciyar hankali

Muhimman gwaje-gwaje

Gwajin pumping: Duba ko suction pressure yana sauka kuma discharge pressure yana ƙaruwa a tsarin da ya dace.

Yanayin current: Kwatanta current na farawa da na gudana tare da halayen pressure.

Sauti da vibration: Bambanta vibration na bututu da lalacewar ciki.

Alamomin gazawa masu alaƙa da refrigerant da tsarin

Compressor mai lafiya na iya yin gazawa da wuri idan tsarin da ke kewaye da shi ba ya da kwanciyar hankali.

Matsalolin gama-garin da suka shafi tsarin sun haɗa da:

• Karancin caji ko yawan caji
• Komawar ruwan refrigerant
• Tace mai busarwa da ta toshe
• Condenser mai datti
• Lalacewar fan na condenser ko evaporator
• Superheat mara daidai
• Iska ko gas da ba sa yin condensation

Muhimman bincike

• Kwatanta matsa lamba da zafin jiki
• Binciken superheat da subcooling
• Saukar zafin jiki a fadin driers da solenoids
• Kusancin condenser da kwararar iska
• Tsarin sanyi da alamun man fetur

Hanyar Gwajin Aiki a Filin Aiki

Ga ƙungiyoyin sabis da contractors, wannan jerin yana taimakawa rage kuskuren ganowa.

Hanya mai sauri ta filin aiki

1. Tabbatar da wutar lantarki, phase, da kiran sarrafawa.
2. Duba contactor, terminals, capacitor, relay, da overload.
3. Auna suction da discharge pressure.
4. Duba amperage da zafin jikin kwandon compressor.
5. Duba kwararar iskar condenser da evaporator.
6. Kimanta superheat, haɗarin floodback, ko toshewar layin ruwa.
7. Yi gwajin winding da grounding tare da ware wuta.
8. Idan ana zargin burnout, tantance yanayin mai da gurɓatar tsarin kafin sauyawa.

Alamun haɗari da yawanci suke tabbatar da shirya sauyawa

• Windings da suka yi grounding ko suka buɗe
• Locked rotor tare da ingantacciyar wutar lantarki da kayan farawa
• Gurɓatawa mai tsanani ta burnout
• Lalacewar inji a ciki tare da raunin pumping
• Yawan trips bayan an riga an gyara matsalolin tsarin

Abin da Masu Siya, Masu Rarrabawa, da Masu Girkawa Ya Kamata Su Kula Da Shi

Binciken dalilin lalacewar kwampreso ba wai batun sabis kawai ba ne. Hakanan yana shafar tsara haja, sarrafa garanti, da yanke shawarar maye gurbi.

Ga masu rarraba kayan gyara

• Tambayi samfurin, refrigerant, ƙarfin lantarki, nau’in amfani, da alamar lalacewa kafin ba da shawarar maye gurbi
• Tabbatar ko tsohon kwampreson ya lalace ta fuskar lantarki ko ta fuskar inji
• Duba ko ya kamata a maye gurbin kayan haɗi kamar capacitor, contactor, relay, da drier a lokaci guda

Ga kamfanonin sabis da gyara

• Ka guji maye gurbin kwampreso kafin ka tabbatar da yanayin charge, airflow, da controls
• Rubuta karatun ƙarfin lantarki, current, pressure, da temperature ga kowane yanayin lalacewa
• Ɗauki lokutan burnout a matsayin ayyukan tsaftace tsarin gaba ɗaya, ba sauya kayan aiki kai tsaye kawai ba

Ga masu girka tsarin refrigeration da ƴan kwangilar cold-room

• Tabbatar da iyakar amfani da kwampreso da zafin ɗaki da tsarin nauyin aiki
• Kula da ƙirar bututu, dawo da mai, kariyar crankcase, da tsarin control logic
• Gina kariyar anti-short-cycle da ingantacciyar iska don condensing

Kwampreson maye gurbi na iya magance matsalar tsayawar aiki nan take, amma sai kawai idan an cire ainihin tushen matsalar. A lokuta da yawa, kwampreso shi ne wanda matsalar tsarin ta shafa, ba shi ne asalinta ba.

Muhimmin Kammalawa

Binciken lalacewar kwampreso mai kyau yana bin tsari mai ƙa’ida: tabbatar da alamar matsalar, gwada da’irar lantarki, auna yanayin tsarin, sannan a tabbatar da lafiyar cikin kwampreso kafin a ba da shawarar maye gurbinsa. Mafi yawan alamomin matsala, daga rashin farawa da overload trips zuwa zafi fiye da kima, raunin famfo, da ƙonewa, galibi ana iya gano su zuwa wani tsari mai iya sarrafawa na dalilan lantarki, inji, ko waɗanda ke da alaƙa da refrigerant.

Ga masu rarrabawa na ƙasashen waje, ƙungiyoyin gyara, da masu shigarwa, amfanin a aikace a bayyane yake. Bincike mafi kyau yana rage maimaita lalacewa, yana inganta zaɓin sassa, yana kare ribar kasuwanci, kuma yana taimaka wa abokan ciniki su dawo da sanyaya da sauri tare da ƙarancin sake kiran masu gyara.