Gwajin Start Relay, Capacitor da Overload na Compressor: Cikakken Jagoran Gano Matsala

Kwampreso da ke yin ƙara, yana kashewa da kansa, yana makalewa, ko ya ƙi farawa, sau da yawa ana zargin kwampreson ne da kansa. Amma a yawancin kiran sabis, ainihin matsalar tana daga cikin kayan farawa: start relay, start ko run capacitor, ko overload protector. Sanin yadda ake gwada waɗannan sassa cikin sauri na iya rage ɓata lokaci, rage sauya kwampreso ba tare da buƙata ba, kuma ya taimaka wa masu saye su yi odar madaidaitan spare parts tun farko.

Wannan jagora yana bayyana yadda kayan farawar kwampreso ke aiki, yadda ake gwada su da multimeter, yadda alamomin gazawa na yau da kullum suke bayyana, da abin da distributors, ƙungiyoyin gyara, da installers ya kamata su duba kafin sauya sassa.

Me ya sa kayan farawar kwampreso ke lalacewa

Kwampreso na single-phase suna dogara da start circuit don shawo kan yanayin locked-rotor kuma su fara juyawa. Idan relay, capacitor, ko overload ya yi rauni ko ya lalace, kwampreso na iya ƙin farawa ko da winding ɗin kansa har yanzu yana da kyau.

Dalilan gama gari na lalacewar kayan farawa sun haɗa da:

• Faɗuwar voltage ko wutar lantarki marar daidaito
• Zafi fiye da kima saboda rashin isasshen iska ko high condensing temperature
• Maimaita short cycling
• Sanya replacement parts da ba su dace ba
• Terminal masu sako-sako ko haɗin wayoyi da suka ƙone
• Danshi, corrosion, ko lalacewar vibration
• Tsufawar capacitor dielectric material

Ga kamfanonin sabis, waɗannan sassa suna daga cikin kayan lantarki da aka fi yawan sauyawa a tsarin air-conditioning, refrigeration, da cold-room. Ga distributors kuma, su ma kayan sabis ne da ake yawan buƙata waɗanda ake yawan odarsu tare da compressors, contactors, thermostats, da protection devices.

Abin da kowanne component yake yi a cikin start circuit

Fahimtar aikin kowanne sashi na sa troubleshooting ya fi sauri.

Start relay

Start relay yana haɗa start winding na ɗan gajeren lokaci kuma, a wasu ƙira, yana haɗa start capacitor yayin startup. Da zarar motor ya kai gudu, relay yana cire start circuit daga aiki.

Nau’ikan relay na gama gari sun haɗa da:

• Current relays
• Potential relays
• PTC relays
• Solid-state start devices

Gazawar relay na iya sa a bar start winding a katse, ko a wasu lokuta ya bar ta a cikin da’ira na tsawon lokaci fiye da kima. Dukkanin waɗannan yanayi na iya hana fara aiki yadda ya kamata kuma su iya sa kwampresan ya yi zafi fiye da kima.

Capacitor

Ana amfani da capacitors don inganta starting torque kuma, a wasu ƙira, ingancin aiki yayin gudu.

Nau’ikan da suka fi yawa su ne:

• Start capacitor: babban capacitance, ana amfani da shi na ɗan lokaci kaɗan yayin farawa
• Run capacitor: ƙaramin capacitance, yana ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin da’ira yayin aiki
• Dual run capacitor: yana yi wa kwampreso da fan aiki a cikin gida ɗaya a kan yawancin na’urorin AC

Capacitor mai rauni na iya nuna capacitance ƙasa da ƙimar da aka tsara, yayin da capacitor da ya lalace na iya kasancewa a buɗe, a shorted, ya kumbura, yana zubewa, ko yana sa kariya ta yanke.

Overload protector

Overload yana buɗe da’ira lokacin da zafin kwampreso ko current ya wuce iyakokin aminci. Yana kare motor windings daga yin zafi fiye da kima da yanayin locked-rotor.

Idan overload ɗin ya lalace, yana iya yanke da wuri sosai, ya ci gaba da kasancewa a buɗe bayan ya huce, ko ya gaza saboda rashin ingancin haɗuwa ta contact.

Alamomin da aka saba gani da abin da yawanci suke nufi

Binciken gyara yana zama mafi sauƙi idan aka daidaita alamomi da yiwuwar matsalolin sassa.

Kwampreso yana yin ƙara amma baya farawa

Yawanci ana danganta shi da:

• Start capacitor mai rauni ko wanda ya lalace
• Start relay mai matsala
• Yanayin locked rotor
• Ƙarancin supply voltage
• Kwampreso mai tsuke ko makale

Kwampreso yana farawa, sannan ya yanke bayan daƙiƙu kaɗan

Yawanci ana danganta shi da:

• Overload yana buɗewa saboda current mai yawa
• Relay baya fita daga da’ira yadda ya kamata
• Ƙimar capacitor mara daidai
• Babban discharge pressure ko yanayin hard-start
• Matsalar inji ta kwampreso

Maimaituwar ƙarar klik ba tare da ci gaba da aiki ba

Yawanci ana danganta shi da:

• Overload yana yawan buɗewa da rufewa
• Matsalar relay
• Terminals da suka ƙone
• Rashin daidaiton voltage

Ƙamshin ƙonewa, terminals masu canza launi, ko housing da ya narke

Yawanci ana danganta shi da:

• Spade connectors marasa ƙarfi
• Yawan jan current
• Sashin maye gurbi da bai dace ba
• Arcing a haɗin terminal

Farawa lokaci-lokaci

Yawanci ana danganta shi da:

• Ƙimar capacitor tana kaucewa daga iyakar da aka amince da ita
• Overload mai saurin jin zafi
• Relay na makalewa lokaci-lokaci
• Sako-sakon wayoyi da jijjiga ke haifarwa

Hanyar gwaji mai aminci kafin maye gurbin sassa

Kafin taɓa kowane start component, katse wuta kuma bi ƙa’idodin aminci na yankinku. Capacitors na iya riƙe caji ko da bayan an cire wuta, don haka a sallame su ta hanyar aminci da ta dace kafin gwaji.

Jerin dubawa na asali a filin aiki ya haɗa da:

• Tabbatar da model na na’urar da ƙimar lantarkinta
• Duba line voltage yayin ɗaukar nauyi da kuma a lokacin farawa idan zai yiwu
• Bincika wayoyi don ƙonewa, terminals masu sako-sako, da lalata
• Tabbatar an gano terminals na compressor daidai: C, R, da S
• Bari overload da ya yi zafi sosai ya huce kafin a sake gwadawa
• Kwatanta sassan da aka girka da bukatun aikace-aikacen compressor

Kuskuren da aka saba yi shi ne maye gurbin relay ko capacitor ba tare da duba ko compressor ɗin kansa yana da matsalar winding ba ko kuma ko ƙarancin voltage ne ke haifar da alamar matsalar.

Yadda ake gwada compressor start relay, capacitor, da overload da multimeter

Ainihin hanyar gwajin ta danganta da nau’in relay da tsarin ƙira na tsarin, amma wannan hanya tana aiki sosai ga mafi yawan binciken matsala a filin aiki.

Gwajin capacitor

1. Katse kuma sallama

Cire wuta. Cire aƙalla jagora ɗaya daga capacitor domin karatun ya kasance ba tare da tasirin sauran da’irar ba. Ka sallame shi cikin aminci kafin sarrafawa.

2. Dubawar gani

Maye gurbin capacitor idan ka ga:

• Sama ya kumbura ko ya fito
• Zubewar mai
• Jikin casing ya tsage
• Terminals da suka ƙone
• Lalata a kusa da connectors

3. Auna capacitance

Yi amfani da multimeter mai aikin capacitance idan akwai. Kwatanta ƙimar da aka auna da ƙimar da aka buga a kan lakabin capacitor.

Idan karatun ya yi ƙasa sosai da ƙimar microfarad da aka ƙayyade ko kuma ba ya daidaito, mai yiwuwa capacitor ya raunana. Capacitor na iya lalacewa a ƙarƙashin nauyi ko da yana kama da na al’ada, don haka a haɗa aunawar da nazarin alamun matsalar.

4. Duba yanayin short ko open condition

Tare da auna juriyar lantarki, capacitor bai kamata ya nuna cikakken short mai dorewa ba. Short kai tsaye yana nuna lalacewa. Yanayin open ma na iya nuna cewa capacitor ɗin baya aiki kuma.

Bayanin aiki ga masu sayen maye gurbi

Daidaita waɗannan abubuwa daidai lokacin yin oda:

• Ma'aunin microfarad
• Ma'aunin voltage
• Salon terminal
• Girman jiki da hanyar ɗaurewa
• Nau'in aikin start ko run

Amfani da ƙimar microfarad da ba daidai ba na iya jawo wahalar farawa, zafi fiye da kima, ko rashin tabbas a aikin compressor.

Gwajin overload protector

1. Bari ya huce

Overload da ya yanke saboda zafi na iya nuna open har sai ya huce. Jira na ƴan mintuna na iya hana kuskuren gano matsala.

2. Gwajin continuity

Da wutar lantarki a ware kuma an cire wayoyin haɗi, duba continuity a kan overload protector.

• Rufaffiyar continuity a yanayin zafin ɗaki yawanci tana nuna yanayi na al'ada
• Open circuit bayan ya huce sau da yawa yana nuna lalacewar overload

3. Duba alamun lalacewar zafi

Nemi:

• Sauyin launi
• Fashewar jiki
• Konewar connectors
• Raguwa a matsewar terminal

Idan current draw ya yi yawa, maye gurbin overload kaɗai ba lallai ya magance matsalar ba. Yawan amperage na iya fitowa daga ƙarancin voltage, ƙimar capacitor mara daidaito, lalacewar relay, matsalolin airflow, matsin lambar tsarin refrigerant, ko lalacewar cikin compressor.

Gwajin start relay

Gwajin relay yana bambanta gwargwadon tsari, don haka gano sashin ya dace yana da muhimmanci.

Binciken PTC relay

PTC relay yana canza juriyar lantarki yayin da zafi ya ƙaru. Idan yana sanyi, yawanci yana bari current na farawa ya shiga start winding. Yayin da yake ɗumi, juriyar lantarki tana ƙaruwa kuma tana rage kwararar current.

Binciken a fili sun haɗa da:

• Duba ko akwai fashewa, alamun konewa, ko tarkacen da ke kara
• Auna juriyar lantarki lokacin sanyi kuma kwatanta don gano bayyanannen yanayin open ko short
• Maye gurbinsa idan ya lalace a zahiri ko idan alamun matsalar farawa sun ci gaba duk da daidaitaccen supply voltage da capacitor da aka tabbatar yana da kyau

Binciken current relay

Current relay ya kamata ya rufe lokacin farawa sannan ya buɗe yayin da motar compressor ke kaiwa gudun aikinta.

Duba waɗannan:

• Kontak da suka ƙone ko aka walda
• Buɗaɗɗen coil
• Sassan terminal da suka sake
• Alamun walƙiya ko zafi fiye da kima

Gwajin continuity ko resistance na iya taimakawa gano buɗaɗɗen coil ko lalatacciyar hanyar lamba, amma aikin relay a ƙarƙashin ainihin yanayin farawa ma yana da muhimmanci.

Binciken potential relay

Potential relays suna da yawa a tsarin da ke da start capacitors. Suna buɗe da'irar farawa lokacin da motor back EMF ya kai ƙimar da aka tsara.

A duba:

• Kontak da suka ƙone
• Matsayin replacement da bai dace ba
• Coil a buɗe ko gajere
• Kurakuran wayoyi

Idan relay bai buɗe yadda ya kamata ba, start capacitor na iya ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin da'ira na tsawon lokaci fiye da kima kuma ya lalace da wuri.

Asalin wiring da gane terminals

Mafi yawan kuskuren ganewa suna faruwa ne saboda an mayar da wayoyi zuwa compressor terminal mara dacewa ko haɗin relay mara dacewa.

Tsarin compressor terminal

Yawancin hermetic single-phase compressors suna amfani da terminals uku:

• C = Common
• R = Run
• S = Start

Daidaitaccen gwajin ohms a kan pin uku na iya taimakawa tabbatar da gane su:

• C zuwa R = mafi ƙarancin resistance
• C zuwa S = matsakaicin resistance
• R zuwa S = mafi girman resistance

Haka kuma, resistance daga R zuwa S ya kamata ya yi daidai da jimillar C zuwa R da C zuwa S kusan. Idan wannan alaƙa ba ta nan, winding ɗin na iya lalacewa.

Sauƙaƙƙen ra'ayin wiring na single-phase

Tsari na yau da kullum yana aiki kamar haka:

• Line supply yana ciyar da common da hanyar run
• Relay yana kunna start winding na ɗan lokaci
• Start capacitor na iya taimakawa ƙarfin juyawa na farawa
• Overload yana zama a cikin hanyar common ko supply don katse da'ira yayin overcurrent ko zafi fiye da kima

A koyaushe bi compressor da wiring diagram na kayan haɗi don ainihin model ɗin. Matsayin relay terminal yana bambanta gwargwadon ƙira, kuma universal hard-start kits ya kamata a yi amfani da su ne kawai inda suka dace.

Tsarukan lalacewa da aka fi gani a fili

Relay da ya ƙone bayan maimaitattun farawa a ƙarancin wuta

Yawaitar ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki akai-akai yana ƙara jan wuta kuma zai iya lalata lambobin relay ko abubuwan PTC. Sauya relay ba tare da gyara matsalolin wutar shigarwa ba sau da yawa yana haifar da sake lalacewa.

Capacitor yana ta lalacewa akai-akai

Lokacin da capacitors suka sake lalacewa jim kaɗan bayan sauyawa, duba:

• Isasshen ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki
• Yanayin zafin muhalli a kusa da sashin
• Aikin relay
• Yawan wutar da compressor ke jawowa
• Matsin kai na tsarin da kwararar iska ta sanyaya

Overload yana yawan katsewa ba tare da dalili mai bayyana ba

Idan overload yana buɗewa a lokacin zafi ko lokacin nauyi mai yawa, ainihin dalilin na iya kasancewa yanayin aikin tsarin maimakon mai karewar da kansa. Datin condenser, gazawar fan, takurar kwararar iska, ko matsaloli a ɓangaren refrigerant na iya sa zafin compressor ya yi yawa sosai.

Ƙonewar terminals

Masu haɗin push-on da suka saki suna haifar da zafin juriya. Wannan na iya lalata murfin terminal na compressor, na'urar farawa, da igiyar wiring harness. A lokuta masu tsanani, terminal ɗin compressor da kansa yana zama mara aminci kuma gyaran na iya wuce sauya sassa masu sauƙi kawai.

Lokacin da sashin farawa ba shi ne ainihin matsalar ba

Sassan farawa abubuwa ne da suka saba lalacewa, amma ba koyaushe su ne tushen matsalar ba. Kafin yin odar compressor, bincika ko matsalar lantarkin ta waje ce ko ta ciki.

Yi zurfin bincike idan ka samu:

• Rashin daidaiton juriyar winding
• Ground fault daga winding zuwa shell
• Dorewar locked-rotor current duk da akwai sassan farawa masu kyau da aka tabbatar
• Compressor na jan amperage fiye da kima nan take bayan farawa
• Kamewar inji ta ciki

Ga masu rarrabawa da masu sayen sassa, wannan bambanci yana da muhimmanci. Ƙungiyar sabis da za ta iya bambance tsakanin relay mara kyau da compressor mara kyau tana rage rikice-rikicen garanti, tana inganta nasarar gyara tun farko, kuma tana guje wa mayar da kaya ba dole ba.

Shawarwarin sauyawa da adanawa ga masu rarrabawa da ƙungiyoyin sabis

Don tsare-tsaren adana kaya masu amfani, yana da kyau a ɗauki sassan farawa a matsayin muhimman kayan gyara na sabis maimakon ƙananan kayan haɗi.

Abin da ya kamata a ajiye a stock

• Nau’ikan relay na gama-gari bisa ga dangin compressor
• Start capacitors a cikin yawan microfarad da ake yawan amfani da su
• Run da dual run capacitors don aikace-aikacen AC na gama-gari
• Overload protectors da aka dace da samfurin compressor
• Terminal kits, connectors, da insulated wiring accessories

Abin da za a tabbatar kafin a tura sassa

• Alama da samfurin compressor
• Voltage da phase
• Nau’in relay da lambar sashi
• Microfarad na capacitor da ƙimar voltage
• Tsarin terminal da salon mounting
• Aikace-aikace: AC, refrigerator, freezer, condensing unit, ko cold room

Ga masu saye na ƙasashen waje da ke kula da aikin maye gurbi na nau’o’in alamu daban-daban, daidaiton cross-reference yana da muhimmanci musamman. Sassa biyu na iya kama da juna amma su yi aiki daban wajen lokacin farawa, matakin kariya, ko ƙimar lantarki.

Me ya sa ingantaccen troubleshooting yake da muhimmanci a kasuwanci

Kyakkyawan gano matsalar start-component ba fasahar fasaha kawai ba ce. Yana shafar lead time, kuɗin sabis, da amincewar abokin ciniki.

Ga ’yan kwangilar gyara, amfanin shi ne saurin ware matsala da rage kuskuren gano compressor. Ga masu rarrabawa, yana taimaka wa dacewar spare-parts mafi kyau kuma yana samar da ma’ana wajen haɗa sassa kamar relay, capacitor, overload, terminal connectors, da wiring accessories. Ga masu girkawa da ƙungiyoyin sabis na cold-room, yana rage downtime a kan muhimman kayan aikin refrigeration inda compressor da bai fara aiki ba zai iya jefa kayan da aka adana cikin haɗari.

Lokacin da compressor bai fara aiki ba, gwada relay, capacitor, da overload ya kamata ya zama ɗaya daga cikin binciken farko masu tsari. Idan an yi shi daidai, yana taimakawa gano abin da ya canza, dalilin da ya sa na’urar ta daina farawa, da kuma ko mataki na gaba sauƙaƙen maye gurbin lantarki ne ko cikakken yanke shawara game da compressor.