Jagorar Daidaituwar Na'urar Kwampreso da Refrigerant don R134a, R404A, R410A, R290, da Sauran Refrigerants da Aka Fi Amfani da Su

Zaɓen kwampreso na maye gurbi ba ya taƙaitu ga horsepower, voltage, ko alama kaɗai. Daidaituwar refrigerant na ɗaya daga cikin muhimman abubuwan dubawa a aikin gyaran refrigeration da air-conditioning, domin zaɓi mara dacewa na iya haifar da ƙarancin capacity, matsalolin dawowar mai, zafi fiye da kima, high discharge temperature, ko kuma cikakkiyar lalacewar kwampreso.

Ga masu rarrabawa, kamfanonin gyara, da masu girka cold-room da ke hidimtawa kasuwannin ƙasashen waje, wannan matsala ce ta yau da kullum. Tsaruka da yawa a wurin aiki har yanzu suna amfani da legacy refrigerants, yayin da sabbin ayyuka ke ƙara amfani da zaɓuɓɓukan lower-GWP da hydrocarbons. Hakan yana haifar da gaurayen installed base inda masu saye ke buƙatar amsoshi bayyanannu: wane irin compressor families ne suka dace da wane refrigerants, me ba za a iya haɗawa ba, da kuma yaushe retrofit zai zama mai yiwuwa.

Wannan jagorar tana bayyana ɓangaren aiki na daidaituwar refrigerant na kwampreso ga refrigerants na gama-gari ciki har da R134a, R404A, R410A, da R290, tare da mai da hankali kan zaɓin mai, application range, operating temperature, da replacement risk.

Dalilin da ya sa daidaituwar refrigerant na kwampreso take da muhimmanci

An ƙera kwampreso ne bisa thermodynamic da chemical behavior na takamaiman refrigerant ko rukuni na refrigerants. Ko da lokacin da refrigerants biyu suke kama da juna a pressure ko temperature range, ba lallai ba ne su kasance masu musanyawa a ainihin yanayin aiki.

Daidaituwa tana shafar muhimman fannoni da dama:

• Matsin aiki: Nau’o’in refrigerant daban-daban suna aiki da matsin tsotsa da matsin fitarwa daban-daban.
• Yawan kwarara da iya aiki: Kwamfreso da aka ƙayyade don wani refrigerant na iya bayar da ƙarancin iya aiki ko fiye da kima idan aka yi amfani da wani daban.
• Zafin fitarwa: Wasu refrigerant suna haifar da zafin fitarwa mafi girma, wanda zai iya rage tsawon rayuwar kwamfreso.
• Lodin mota: Jan wuta da sanyaya motar na iya canzawa sosai.
• Halin lubricant: Cakuwar mai da dawowar mai suna dogara sosai da nau’in refrigerant.
• Daidaituwar hatimi da kayan aiki: Gasket, elastomer, da sassan ciki na iya zama ba su dace da wani refrigerant ko mai daban ba.
• Rarrabuwar aminci: Wasu refrigerant suna da saurin kamawa da wuta, kuma hakan yana canza ƙirar kwamfreso da ƙa’idojin girkawa.

A taƙaice, kwamfreso ba kawai famfon inji ba ne da zai iya karɓar kowace irin gas. Zaɓin refrigerant yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da amintacce, aminci, da aiki.

Wadanne dangin kwamfreso aka fi amfani da su tare da wadanne refrigerant

Babu jadawalin daidaituwa na gama-gari da ya shafi kowace alama da samfur, amma tsarin da aka saba gani a masana’antu yana da daidaito sosai don jagorantar zaɓin farko.

Kwamfreso don R134a

Ana amfani da R134a sosai a tsarin refrigeration na matsakaicin zafi da kuma a wasu tsofaffin aikace-aikacen kasuwanci da na na’urorin gida. Kwamfreson da aka ƙera don R134a yawanci an inganta su ne don:

• Aikace-aikacen matsakaicin back pressure
• Matsakaitan rabon matsawa
• Tsarin mai da yawanci ke amfani da POE ko, a wasu tsofaffin ƙira, wasu lubricants dangane da ainihin aikace-aikacen

Amfani na yau da kullum sun haɗa da:

• Na'urorin sanyaya abin sha
• Kabad masu ƙofa da ake shiga ciki
• Ƙananan kayan aikin sanyaya na kasuwanci
• Wasu tsarin sufuri ko na musamman

Compressor don R134a ba ya zama kai tsaye ya dace da R404A ko R410A. Matakan matsa lamba, buƙatun displacement, da yanayin discharge sun bambanta sosai a lokuta da yawa.

Compressors don R404A da makamantan blends na ƙananan zafin jiki

R404A ya daɗe yana da alaƙa da sanyaya na kasuwanci na ƙananan da matsakaicin zafin jiki, musamman inda ake buƙatar pull-down mai ƙarfi da aikin freezer. Compressors don R404A gabaɗaya ana ƙera su don jurewa:

• Buƙatar mass flow mafi girma fiye da R134a a irin aikin ƙananan zafin jiki mai kama da shi
• Ƙananan yanayin zafin evaporating
• Yanayin discharge masu ƙalubale a aikace-aikacen freezer
• Mai na POE a yawancin tsarin zamani

Amfani na yau da kullum sun haɗa da:

• Kabad na freezer
• Ɗakunan sanyi
• Freezers na nuni
• Condensing units na kasuwanci don ƙananan zafin jiki

Lokacin da masu saye suke neman compressor don R404A, sau da yawa suna buƙatar tabbatar da ko maye gurbin na aikin freezer ne na ƙananan zafin jiki ko na sanyaya matsakaicin zafin jiki. Wannan bambancin yana da muhimmanci saboda iyakokin aikace-aikacen compressor na iya bambanta ko da a cikin iyalin refrigerant ɗaya.

Kwampresoshi don R410A

R410A yana aiki a matsin lamba da ya fi na R22, R134a, ko R404A yawa sosai. Kwampresoshin da aka ƙera don R410A yawanci ana samun su ne a aikace-aikacen na’urar sanyaya iska da famfon zafi maimakon daidaitaccen sanyaya na kasuwanci.

Manyan halaye sun haɗa da:

• Ƙira mai jure matsin lamba mai yawa
• Tsarin motar da kwasfa na musamman don yanayin aikin R410A
• Bukatar man POE a mafi yawan lokuta
• Aikace-aikace galibi a split AC, rooftop units, da heat pumps

Bai kamata a ɗauki kwampresoshin R410A a matsayin maye gurbin gama-gari ga refrigerants masu ƙananan matsin lamba ba. Rukunin matsin lambar kaɗai ya sa amfani a haɗe bai dace ba a mafi yawan yanayi.

Kwampresoshi don R290

R290 propane ne, refrigerant na hydrocarbon mai ƙarancin GWP kuma mai ƙarfi a aikin thermodynamic. Kwampresoshin R290 yawanci ana ƙera su ne tare da la’akari da aikin refrigerant da kuma bin ƙa’idodin tsaro.

Muhimman bayanai:

• R290 mai kamawa da wuta ne
• Ana ƙera kwampresoshi don R290 tare da la’akari da lantarki da tsaro na musamman ga amfani da hydrocarbon
• Zaɓin mai da ƙa’idojin adadin caji suna da alaƙa sosai da nau’in aikace-aikacen
• Ƙirar kayan aiki, iska mai zagayawa, da hanyoyin sabis suna da muhimmanci kamar zaɓin kwampreso

Ana ƙara amfani da R290 a cikin:

• Kabad ɗin kasuwanci na plug-in
• Ƙananan condensing units a ƙirar da ta dace
• Sanyaya abin sha da kayayyakin abinci na kasuwancin sayarwa
• Wasu tsarin gida da ƙananan tsarin kasuwanci

Na’urar matsa iska (compressor) da ke aiki da refrigerants na HFC marasa ƙonewa ba ta zama kai tsaye dacewa da R290 ba, ko da idan ƙarfin aiki ya yi kama. Rarrabewar ƙonewa tana canza ƙa’idodin zaɓi.

Sauran refrigerants na gama-gari da rukunin maye gurbi

Dangane da kasuwa da yanki, masu saye na iya kuma cin karo da compressors da aka jera don refrigerants kamar haka:

• R22 a tsofaffin tsarin kwandishan da tsarin sanyaya
• R507 a matsayin madadin ƙananan zafi a wasu shigarwar da ake da su
• R407C don kwandishan da wasu ayyukan retrofit
• R448A ko R449A a retrofit na tsarin sanyaya na kasuwanci masu ƙananan GWP
• R600a a aikace-aikacen gida da ƙananan caji

Masana’antun compressor sukan haɗa waɗannan kayayyaki cikin rukunin refrigerant da aka amince da su. Hanyar saye mafi aminci ita ce a daidaita ainihin jerin refrigerants da aka amince da su na samfurin compressor, ba nau’in aikace-aikace kaɗai ba.

Abin da ba za a iya gaurayawa ba

A nan ne matsaloli da yawa a wurin aiki suke farawa. Aiki mai kama ba yana nufin dacewa ba.

Kada a ɗauka cewa refrigerants za a iya musanyawa

Wasu zato marasa aminci da aka saba yi sun haɗa da:

• Sauya kwampreso na R134a da kwampreso na R404A saboda girman kabad ɗin ya yi kama
• Amfani da kwampreso na R410A a cikin tsarin firiji mai ƙananan matsa lamba
• Cika R290 a cikin kayan aiki da kwampresoshi da ba a amince da su don firijojin da ke iya kamawa da wuta ba
• Ɗaukar retrofit blends a matsayin kai-tsaye drop-in ba tare da duba iyakokin amfani na kwampreso ba

Ko da bututun sun haɗu kuma na'urar ta fara aiki, aiki na dogon lokaci na iya zama marar daidaito ko mara aminci.

Kada a gauraya mai ba tare da kula ba

Daidaituwar man kwampreso tana da matuƙar muhimmanci ga daidaituwar firiji. Firijoji daban-daban na buƙatar halayen man shafawa daban-daban domin dawowar mai da kariyar bearing.

Dokokin aiki na gama gari:

• Ana amfani da man POE sosai tare da yawancin gaurayen HFC da HFO, amma ainihin kauri (viscosity) da tsarin haɗawarsa har yanzu suna da muhimmanci.
• Man ma'adinai da alkylbenzene har yanzu suna da amfani a wasu tsofaffin tsare-tsare, musamman tsoffin ƙirar firiji.
• Firijojin hydrocarbon na iya amfani da shawarwarin man shafawa daban-daban gwargwadon ƙirar kwampreso.
• Gauraya nau'ikan mai ba tare da amincewa ba na iya rage ingancin shafawa kuma ya haifar da matsalolin dawowar mai.

Sinadaran mai ma suna shafar juriyar danshi. Man POE yana sha danshi daga iska, don haka ya kamata a rage fallasar tsarin buɗe zuwa iska yayin gyara.

Kada a yi watsi da ajin matsa lamba da kewayon zafin jiki

Na'urar matsa iska da ta dace da sanyaya na matsakaicin zafi na iya lalacewa da sauri a aikin firiza mai ƙananan zafi. Haka kuma, na'urar matsa iska da aka tsara domin kewayon matsin wani firiji na iya yin lodin da ya wuce kima ko ta yi aiki a wajen amintaccen yankinta da wani daban.

Kafin amincewa da maye gurbi, duba:

• Sunan firiji

n- Kewayon aikace-aikace: zafi mai yawa, matsakaici, ko ƙasa

• Yanayin tafasar firiji da na ɗaurewa
• Hanyar sanyaya da zafin iskar dawowa
• Halayen lantarki
• Nau'in mai da adadinsa

Gargaɗin retrofit: lokacin da sauya firiji zai yiwu da lokacin da ba zai yiwu ba

Tambayoyin retrofit sau da yawa suna fitowa daga kwastomomi da ke ƙoƙarin tsawaita rayuwar tsarin da suke da shi ko su matsa zuwa firiji masu ƙananan GWP. A aikace, wasu retrofit ana iya sarrafa su, yayin da wasu ke haifar da matsaloli masu yawa na inji, mai, sarrafawa, da aminci.

Retrofit na firiji ba sauyin gas kawai ba ne

Lokacin sauya firiji, masu fasaha na iya kuma bukatar su duba:

• Amincewar na'urar matsa iska ga firijin da ake niyya
• Nau'in mai da dankon mai
• Zaɓi ko gyaran bawul ɗin faɗaɗawa
• Saitunan sarrafa matsin lamba
• Karfin lantarkin motar da ake ja a ƙarƙashin sabbin yanayin aiki
• Zafin layin fitarwa
• Dabarar defrost da sarrafawa
• Bukatun lakabi da aminci

Saboda wannan dalili, retrofit na firiji mai ƙananan GWP ya kamata a ɗauke shi a matsayin aikin sauya tsarin gaba ɗaya, ba gajeriyar hanyar sake cikawa ba.

Tsofaffin HFC zuwa gaurayen masu ƙananan GWP

A cikin sanyaya na kasuwanci, ana duba wasu tsarin R404A da suke akwai domin a maye gurbinsu da gaurayawan madadi kamar R448A ko R449A. Waɗannan sauye-sauyen na iya yiwuwa a wasu tsare-tsare, amma dole ne a tantance dacewar komfreso a hankali sosai.

A kula da:

• Zafin fitarwa mafi girma fiye da na asalin refrigerant
• Sauyin capacity a ƙananan da matsakaitan yanayin zafi
• Halayen dawowar mai
• Bukatun daidaita na'urar expansion
• Iyakokin envelope na komfreso a aikin freezer

Komfreso da ya tsira a makon farko bayan retrofit ba lallai ba ne yana aiki daidai don dogon lokacin aminci da dorewa.

Sauyawa zuwa hydrocarbons na buƙatar ƙarin taka-tsantsan

Sauya tsarin HFC da yake akwai zuwa R290 ko wani hydrocarbon dabam ba maye gurbin refrigerant na yau da kullum ba ne. Ko da thermodynamics ɗin yana da kyau, rarrabuwar aminci tana sauya dukan tsarin haɗari.

Muhimman abubuwan damuwa sun haɗa da:

• Bin ƙa'idodin flammability
• Dacewar kayan aikin lantarki
• Iyakokin adadin refrigerant charge
• Yanayin aikin service da hanyoyin aikin technician
• Amincewar komfreso musamman don amfani da hydrocarbon

Ga yawancin ƙungiyoyin field service, bai kamata a taɓa ɗaukar sauyawa zuwa hydrocarbon a matsayin wata dabara ta wucin gadi mara tsari ba.

Yadda zaɓin refrigerant ke shafar mai, capacity, da zafin fitarwa

Waɗannan yankuna uku su ne inda dacewar komfreso ke bayyana a aikin yau da kullum.

Dawowar mai da daidaiton lubricant

Kwampreso ya dogara ne da daidaitaccen zagayen mai shafawa. Idan firiji mai sanyaya da mai ba sa aiki tare da kyau, tsarin na iya fuskantar:

• Komawar mai mara kyau daga evaporator
• Matsalolin kumfa ko yin rauni sakamakon gaurayawa
• Lalacewar bearing
• Rage sanyaya sassan da ke motsi
• Rage tsawon rayuwar kwampreso

Wannan ne ya sa dole ne a duba mai ta fuskar nau’i da kuma darajar danko (viscosity grade), ba kawai ta sunan babban rukuninta ba.

Ƙarfin aiki da aikin tsarin

Canza firiji mai sanyaya na iya sauya ƙarfin kwampreso ta kowace hanya. Hakan yana shafar saukar zafin akwatin zuwa matakin da ake so, ciyarwar evaporator, matsin tsotsa, da halayen sake kunnawa da kashewa.

Sakamako masu yiwuwa sun haɗa da:

• Tsarin yana yin aiki na tsawon lokaci don kaiwa ga setpoint
• Kwampreso yana yawan kunnawa da kashewa cikin gajeren lokaci saboda ƙarfin aiki bai ƙara dacewa da nauyin aiki ba
• Expansion valve ya zama ba ya dacewa sosai
• Aikin condensing unit bai ƙara daidaituwa da nauyin evaporator ba

Ga masu rarraba da ke samar da sassan maye, wannan ne ya sa ya kamata a nemi bayanin asalin firiji mai sanyaya, zafin evaporating, da nau’in aikace-aikace kafin a bayar da farashin kwampreso.

Zafin fitarwa da haɗarin aminci

Babban zafin fitarwa alama ce ta gargaɗi da ake yawan gani bayan maye gurbin firiji mai sanyaya ba daidai ba ko retrofit da ba a tsara da kyau ba. Matsanancin zafin fitarwa na iya lalata mai, ya takura valves, kuma ya rage rayuwar mota.

Yanayin da sau da yawa ke ƙara zafin fitarwa sun haɗa da:

• Aiki a ƙarƙashin ƙananan zafin jikin evaporation
• Babban rabo na matsawa
• Rashin isasshen sanyaya iskar suction
• Amfani da refrigerant a wajen iyakar aikin da aka tanada wa compressor
• Saitin na’urar expansion mara daidai bayan retrofit

Musamman a aikace-aikacen freezer, zafin jikin discharge bai kamata ya zama abin da za a tuna da shi a baya ba.

Jerin bincike mai amfani na saye da sauyawa

Lokacin tantance maye gurbin compressor ko wata alama ta daban, tattara waɗannan bayanai kafin yin oda:

Mafi ƙarancin binciken fasaha

• Asalin samfurin compressor
• Refrigerant da ake amfani da shi a halin yanzu
• Aikace-aikace: kwandishan, sanyaya na matsakaicin zafi, ko sanyaya na ƙananan zafi
• Wuta, mita, da phase
• Yanayin evaporation da condensing idan suna samuwa
• Nau’in mai
• Buƙatar sanyaya da zafin akwatin
• Ko tsarin asali ne ko an taɓa yi masa retrofit a baya

Tambayoyin da masu rarrabawa da ƙungiyoyin sabis ya kamata su yi

• An amince da maye gurbin don ainihin refrigerant ɗin?
• An amince da shi don zangon zafin da ake buƙata?
• Bayanin nau’in mai ya dace da aikace-aikacen?
• An ƙera compressor ɗin ne don aikin AC, refrigeration, ko heat pump?
• Idan an taɓa canza refrigerant a baya, waɗanne controls ko components aka kuma canza?
• Akwai batutuwan flammability ko compliance da suka shafi refrigerant ɗin da ake niyya?

Lokacin da ya kamata a tsaya a tabbatar da bayanai tare da masana'anta ko mai kaya

Kada ku dogara da kamannin gani ko girman shell kaɗai idan ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan ya shafi yanayin:

• Ana canza refrigerant daga HFC zuwa hydrocarbon
• Tsarin na'urar freezer ne ko ɗakin sanyi mai ƙananan zafi
• Compressor na maye yana cikin wata dangin refrigerant dabam
• Ba a san nau'in mai ba
• An riga an yi wa na'urar retrofit sau ɗaya
• Aikace-aikacen ya haɗa da R410A ko wasu refrigerants masu babban matsa lamba

Muhimmin ƙarshe

Daidaituwar refrigerant na compressor ba ƙaramin bayani na kundin kaya ba ne. Yana shafar tsaro, lubrication, ɗaukar matsa lamba, capacity, zafin discharge, da tsawon rayuwar aiki. Ga masu rarrabawa na ƙasashen waje, kamfanonin gyara, da masu girkawa, hanya mafi aminci ita ce a ɗauki refrigerant a matsayin babban ma'aunin zaɓi maimakon bayanin gefe.

A matsayin ƙa'ida ta aiki:

• Daidaita compressor da jerin refrigerant da aka amince da su
• Tabbatar da daidaituwar mai, ba sunan refrigerant kaɗai ba
• Rarrabe aikace-aikacen air-conditioning, medium-temp, da low-temp a sarari
• Ɗauki retrofits a matsayin sauye-sauyen injiniya, ba maye gurbi mai sauƙi ba
• Yi ƙarin taka-tsantsan da refrigerants masu babban matsa lamba da refrigerants masu ƙonewa

Bayyanannen binciken daidaituwar refrigerant a matakin bayar da farashi na iya hana kuskuren amfani, mayarwa, da tsadar gazawar aiki a wurin daga baya.