Jagorar Dacewar Firijin na Kwampreso: R134a, R404A, R407C, R410A, R32, R454B da R290

Me ya sa Daidaituwar Refrigerant da Compressor take da Muhimmanci

Zaɓin compressor ba wai kawai tambaya ce ta horsepower, voltage, displacement ko girman haɗi ba. Dole ne a ƙera compressor ɗin don refrigerant da ke cikin tsarin. Rashin daidaito na iya haifar da ƙarancin ƙarfin sanyaya, zafin discharge mai yawa, matsalolin dawowar mai, nauyin lantarki fiye da kima, aiki mara aminci ko lalacewar compressor da wuri.

Wannan yana da muhimmanci musamman yayin da kasuwanni da yawa ke kaucewa refrigerants na gargajiya masu high-GWP zuwa wasu madadin masu lower-GWP. Yanzu masu saye suna kwatanta tsoffin zaɓuɓɓuka kamar R134a, R404A da R407C da sabbin refrigerants kamar R32, R454B da R290. A lokaci guda, kamfanonin sabis har yanzu suna buƙatar compressors na maye gurbi masu amfani ga kayan aikin da aka riga aka girka a supermarkets, restaurants, cold rooms, display cabinets, process cooling systems da air-conditioning units.

Jadawalin daidaituwar compressor refrigerant wuri ne mai amfani don farawa, amma bai kamata ya zama kayan aikin zaɓi guda ɗaya kaɗai ba. Ainihin daidaituwa tana dogara da manyan abubuwa huɗu:

• Nau’in refrigerant da operating pressure
• Design envelope na compressor da sanyayar motor
• Nau’in lubricant da halayen dawowar mai
• Ajin aminci na refrigerant, gami da buƙatun flammability

Ga masu rarrabawa, masu shigarwa da masu gyara, hanya mafi aminci ita ce daidaita compressor da ainihin refrigerant duk inda zai yiwu, sannan a tabbatar da bayanan samfurin compressor, iyakokin aikace-aikace da sassan tsarin kafin shigarwa.

Jadawalin Dacewar Refrigerant da Compressor

Jadawalin da ke ƙasa yana ba da taƙaitaccen bayani na amfani game da refrigerants na gama-gari da abubuwan da ya kamata a yi la’akari da su wajen zaɓin compressor. An tsara shi don saye da tsara aikin sabis, ba a matsayin madadin bayanan masana’antar compressor ba.

| R290 | Kabinet na plug-in, ƙananan na’urorin sanyaya na kasuwanci, heat pump da tsarin musamman da aka ƙera don hydrocarbons | Yana buƙatar compressors da aka amince da su musamman don propane. Bai dace da compressors na yau da kullum da ba na hydrocarbon ba. | Mai ya dogara da ƙirar compressor; bi bayanan masana’anta. | A3 mai saurin ƙonewa sosai. Yana buƙatar iyakokin caji masu tsauri, ƙira mai aminci daga walƙiya da kulawa daga ƙwararru. |

Abin da jadawalin ke nufi da abin da ba ya nufi

Jadawalin yana taimakawa wajen taƙaita nau’in compressor da ake buƙata. Ba ya nufin cewa za a iya sauya refrigerants cikin sauƙi a cikin tsarin da ake da shi. Ko refrigerants masu amfani iri ɗaya na iya buƙatar motors na compressor daban, valves, gaskets, ƙimar matsin lamba, nau’in mai, capillary tubes, expansion valves, condensers, evaporators ko controls.

Misali, an gina compressor na R410A don matsin aiki da ya fi na compressor na R134a yawa sosai. Dole ne a ƙera compressor na R32 don duka matsin lamba da kuma ajin tsaro na ɗan sauƙin ƙonewa. Dole ne a amince da compressor na R290 don amfani da hydrocarbon, tare da kariyar lantarki da ta dace da ƙirar tsarin.

Muhimman Abubuwan Daidaituwa da Za a Duba Kafin Siyan Compressor

1. Amincewar refrigerant

Ya kamata lakabin compressor, katalog ko takardar fasaha su nuna refrigerants da aka amince da su a fili. Idan refrigerant da ake buƙata ba ya cikin jerin, kada a ɗauka cewa ya dace bisa displacement ko cooling capacity kaɗai.

Ga masu sayen na maye-gurbi, wannan shi ne bincike na farko mafi muhimmanci. Compressor na iya kama da samfurin asali a zahiri, amma an ƙera shi don wani dangin refrigerant daban.

Misalai na gama-gari sun haɗa da:

• Samfuran compressor na R134a don refrigeration na matsakaicin zafin jiki
• Samfuran maye-gurbin compressor na R404A don freezers na ƙarancin zafin jiki da ɗakunan sanyi
• Samfuran compressor na R410A don air-conditioning da heat pumps
• Samfuran compressor na R32 don sabbin tsarin air-conditioning na A2L
• Samfuran compressor na R290 don kabad ɗin kasuwanci na hydrocarbon

Idan an amince da compressor don refrigerants da yawa, har yanzu operating envelope na iya bambanta bisa ga refrigerant. Capacity, input power, discharge temperature da maximum current na iya canzawa sosai.

2. Tsarin matsa lamba da application envelope

Kowane refrigerant yana aiki a wani matakin matsa lamba daban. Dole ne compressor ya dace ta fuskar inji da lantarki da yanayin evaporating da condensing da ake tsammani.

Muhimman bincike sun haɗa da:

• Maximum allowable pressure
• Kewayon evaporating temperature
• Kewayon condensing temperature
• Return gas temperature
• Iyakokin discharge temperature
• Motor current da overload protection
• Bukatun starting torque

Kwampreso da aka yi amfani da shi a wajen iyakar aikin da aka amince da ita na iya yin aiki na ɗan lokaci amma ya lalace da wuri. Wannan na yawan faruwa lokacin da aka zaɓi kwampreso na maye gurbi bisa ga ƙarfin horsepower na suna kawai maimakon ainihin aikin sanyaya.

Tsarin matsi yana da matuƙar muhimmanci musamman idan ana kwatanta R134a, R404A, R410A da R32. Kwampresocin na’urar sanyaya iska na R410A da R32 ba sa musanyuwa da kwampresocin sanyaya masu ƙananan matsi. Ya kamata ƙungiyar sabis ta kuma tabbatar cewa ma’aunin sabis, injinan dawo da refrigerant, hoses da cylinders suna da ƙimar da ta dace da refrigerant da ake sarrafawa.

3. Mai shafawa da dawowar mai

Refrigerant da mai dole ne su yi aiki tare. Mai shafawa yana tasiri kariyar bearing, sanyaya mota, zagayawar mai da amincin tsarin. A yawancin tsarin HFC da HFO-blend na zamani, POE oil ya zama ruwan dare, yayin da wasu ƙirar kwampreso za su iya amfani da wasu nau’in mai daban gwargwadon refrigerant da mai ƙera.

Matsalolin dacewar da suka shafi mai na iya bayyana kamar haka:

• Rashin dawowar mai yadda ya kamata daga evaporator
• Kumfa yayin farawa
• Babban zafin jikin kwampreso
• Lalacewar bearing
• Rage canja wurin zafi
• Toshewar capillary tubes ko expansion devices saboda gurɓatawa

Lokacin maye gurbin kwampreso, kada a haɗa mai daban-daban sai dai idan mai samar da kwampreso da refrigerant sun yarda. Idan an riga an yi retrofit, gano refrigerant na yanzu da nau’in mai kafin yin odar maye gurbi.

4. Ajin tsaro da ƙirar lantarki

Ana rarraba refrigerants bisa ga guba da sauƙin kamawa da wuta. Yawancin refrigerants na gargajiya da ake amfani da su a firijin kasuwanci da kwandishan A1 ne, ma’ana ƙarancin guba kuma babu yaɗuwar harshen wuta a ƙarƙashin yanayin rarrabuwa na daidaito. Sabbin zaɓuɓɓukan low-GWP sau da yawa suna haɗa da A2L mildly flammable refrigerants, yayin da hydrocarbons kamar R290 su ne A3 highly flammable.

Wannan yana da muhimmanci saboda compressor wani ɓangare ne na tsarin lantarki da na inji. Tsarin A2L da A3 na iya buƙatar takamaiman siffofin ƙira kamar:

• Gina compressor da aka amince da shi
• Abubuwan lantarki masu dacewa
• Kariyar terminal da ta dace
• Sarrafa zubewar refrigerant
• Iyakokin adadin charge
• Lakabin tsarin
• Ventilation da sarrafa shigarwa
• Horar da technicians da kayan aiki masu aminci

Ya kamata a yi amfani da A2L compressor ko A3 compressor ne kawai a cikin kayan aikin da aka ƙera don wannan rukunin refrigerant. Sauya A1 compressor da A2L ko A3 compressor a cikin tsarin yau da kullum ba sauyin sabis na al’ada ba ne.

Bayanan kula bisa Refrigerant: Zaɓin Compressor na Gado da na Zamani

Zaɓin R134a compressor

R134a har yanzu ya zama ruwan dare a firijin kasuwanci na medium-temperature da wasu aikace-aikacen chiller. HFC ne mai ƙarancin matsin lamba idan aka kwatanta da R410A kuma sau da yawa ana samunsa a cikin masu sanyaya abin sha, display cabinets da sauran tsarin da ba sa buƙatar evaporating temperatures masu ƙasa sosai.

Lokacin zaɓar R134a compressor, duba kewayon zafin evaporating da ƙarfin sanyaya a ainihin yanayin aiki. Compressor da aka kimanta don wani medium-temperature duty ɗaya na iya zama bai dace da wani aikace-aikace daban ba mai higher condensing temperatures ko raunin ventilation a kusa da condenser.

Don sauyawa, tabbatar ko compressor da ya lalace ya yi amfani da man POE kuma ko tsarin yana da tsabta. Acid, danshi ko gurɓatar burnt motor na iya lalata sabon compressor cikin sauri idan ba a tsaftace tsarin da kyau kuma ba a yi masa evacuation ba.

Sauya R404A compressor

An yi amfani da R404A sosai a low-temperature da medium-temperature commercial refrigeration, ciki har da cold rooms, freezers da display cases. Saboda manufofin refrigerant transition a kasuwanni da yawa, wasu masu saye yanzu suna neman replacements, alternatives ko retrofit options.

Don sauya R404A compressor kai tsaye, hanya mafi sauƙi yawanci ita ce zaɓar compressor da aka amince da shi don R404A mai capacity, voltage, phase, displacement, mounting da connection requirements masu kama. Duk da haka, ya kamata ƙungiyoyin service su kuma tabbatar da zaɓin expansion valve, aikin condenser da oil return, musamman a low-temperature cold-room systems masu dogon piping.

Idan ana sauya tsarin daga R404A zuwa wani refrigerant daban, dole ne a amince da compressor ɗin don sabon refrigerant ɗin. Bambance-bambancen capacity da pressure na iya buƙatar canje-canje ga expansion devices, controls, seals da tsarin charging. Retrofit shawara ce ta injiniya, ba kawai sayen compressor ba.

Aikace-aikacen compressor na R407C

R407C yawanci ana danganta shi da tsarin air-conditioning da chiller, kuma an kuma yi amfani da shi a matsayin madadin wasu tsoffin kayan aikin R22 inda tsarin ya dace. Zeotropic blend ne, wanda ke nufin yana da temperature glide. Dole ne technicians su yi la’akari da wannan lokacin charging, auna superheat da subcooling, da tantance aikin evaporator ko condenser.

Ya kamata a duba compressor don R407C bisa jerin refrigerant da aka amince da shi da kuma operating envelope. Saboda tsarin R407C yawanci yana amfani da POE oil, moisture control yana da muhimmanci yayin service. Evacuation mai kyau da maye gurbin filter drier matakai ne na amfani da ke taimakawa wajen kare compressor bayan installation.

Zaɓin compressor na R410A

R410A refrigerant ne na gama gari a tsarin residential da light commercial air-conditioning da heat pump. Yana aiki da pressure mafi girma fiye da tsofaffin refrigerants da yawa, wanda ke nufin compressor, heat exchangers, valves, hoses da service tools duk dole ne su dace da pressure na R410A.

Ba a kamata a maye gurbin compressor na R410A da compressor da aka ƙera don R22, R134a ko R404A ba. Ko da girman jiki ya yi kama, ƙimar matsin lamba da ƙirar mota ba iri ɗaya ba ne.

Don aikin maye gurbi, tabbatar da nau’in compressor na asali, ciki har da ƙirar rotary, scroll ko reciprocating, da kuma voltage, phase, frequency, capacity da nau’in mai. A cikin tsarin heat pump, kuma a duba aikin reversing valve da defrost controls kafin a yanke hukuncin cewa compressor ya lalace.

R32 compressor da la’akari da A2L

Ana amfani da R32 a yawancin sabbin tsarin air-conditioning da heat pump. Yana da halayen aiki daban da R410A kuma an rarraba shi a matsayin A2L, ma’ana yana da ɗan sauƙin kama wuta. Dole ne compressor na R32 ya kasance an amince da shi don R32 da kuma bukatun tsaro na cikakken tsarin.

R32 ba sauyin kai-tsaye ba ne na R410A a cikin kayan aiki da ake da su. Dole ne a yi la’akari da compressor, controls, heat exchangers, adadin charge, safety labeling da yanayin shigarwa. Masu aikin service kuma suna bukatar hanyoyin recovery da handling da suka dace da A2L.

Lokacin sayen compressors na R32 don kasuwannin fitarwa, masu rarrabawa su tabbatar da bukatun kasuwar inda za a kai da kuma ƙayyadaddun bayanan masana’antar kayan aiki. Daidaituwar compressor kaɗai ba ta tabbatar da cewa tsarin da aka kammala ya cika ƙa’ida ba.

R454B compressor da ƙirar tsarin mai ƙananan GWP

R454B yana daga cikin refrigerants na A2L masu ƙarancin GWP da ake amfani da su a sabbin ƙirar kayan aikin sanyaya iska da heat pump. Sau da yawa ana tattauna shi dangane da shirin sauyawa daga R410A, amma bai kamata a ɗauke shi a matsayin madadin kai tsaye a cikin kayan aikin R410A da ake da su ba sai idan masana’antin tsarin ya amince da sauyawar musamman.

Dole ne a ƙera compressor na R454B don buƙatun matsin lamba, zafin jiki da amincin A2L na refrigerant ɗin. Dole ne cikakken tsarin ya yi amfani da sassa masu jituwa, ciki har da controls da sassan lantarki da suka dace da refrigerants masu ɗan ƙonewa.

Ga masu saye, muhimmin abu shi ne bambance tsakanin compressors na maye gurbi don tsarin R410A da aka riga aka girka da compressors don sabbin dandamalin kayan aiki da aka ƙera bisa R454B. Tambayar saye ba wai kawai “Shin compressor ɗin ya dace?” ba ce, amma “An ƙera tsarin ne don wannan refrigerant ɗin?”

R290 compressor da hydrocarbon refrigeration

R290, ko propane, ana amfani da shi a yawancin ƙananan tsarin refrigeration na kasuwanci da wasu aikace-aikacen heat pump da aka zaɓa. Yana bayar da ƙarfi a aikin thermodynamic, amma ana rarraba shi a matsayin A3, mai ƙonewa sosai. Wannan yana sa amincewar compressor da ƙirar tsarin su zama musamman masu muhimmanci.

Dole ne kwampresan R290 ya kasance an tantance shi musamman don sinadarin sanyaya na hydrocarbon. Bai kamata a yi amfani da kwampresoshi na yau da kullum na sinadaran sanyaya A1 a cikin tsarin R290 ba. Abubuwan lantarki, maɓallan kunnawa/kashewa, relays, akwatunan kariya da hanyoyin sabis dole ne su dace da wannan aikace-aikacen.

Tsarin R290 kuma sau da yawa yana da tsauraran la’akari game da yawan sinadarin sanyaya da ake caji. Ga kamfanonin gyara, wannan na nufin dole ne a horar da masu fasaha, kayan aiki su kasance masu dacewa, kuma dole ne a sarrafa wurin aiki don hana haɗarin kamawa da wuta.

Jerin Abubuwan Duba na Aiki don Masu Rarrabawa, Ƙungiyoyin Gyara da Masu Shigarwa

Sauya kwampresa mai aminci yana farawa da sahihan bayanai. Kafin yin oda, tattara bayanan tsarin gwargwadon iyawa.

Gane kwampresa

Rubuta alamar kwampresan asali, lambar samfur, bayanan serial, sinadarin sanyaya, ƙarfin wuta, phase, frequency, ƙarfin sanyaya da nau’in aikace-aikace. Idan farantin suna ya lalace, gano samfurin kayan aikin da yanayin aikin tsarin.

Yanayin tsarin

Kwampresa da ya lalace na iya zama sakamakon wata matsalar tsarin. Kafin sauya shi, duba waɗannan:

• Rashin isasshen kwararar iska a condenser
• Coils masu datti
• Cajin sinadarin sanyaya da ba daidai ba
• Filter drier da ya toshe
• Danshi ko acid a cikin zagayen
• Expansion valve mara aiki da kyau
• Dawowar ruwa
• Matsalolin wutar lantarki
• Na’urorin sarrafa matsa lamba da ba daidai ba

Shigar da sabon kwampreso ba tare da gyara tushen matsalar ba na iya haifar da maimaituwar lalacewa.

Tabbatar da refrigerant da mai

Kada a taɓa ɗauka cewa refrigerant ɗin da ke cikin tsarin daidai yake da abin da ke kan asalin lakabi, musamman a kan tsofaffin kayan aiki da wataƙila an riga an yi musu sabis ko an yi musu retrofitting. A kwato kuma a tantance refrigerant inda ya dace, sannan a tabbatar da nau’in mai kafin zaɓar kwampreson maye.

Daidaita ƙarfin aiki

Daidaita ƙarfin kwampreso bisa ainihin yanayin zafin evaporating da condensing, ba kawai bisa horsepower ba. Kwampreso biyu masu horsepower na suna iri ɗaya na iya bayar da ƙarfin sanyaya daban-daban dangane da refrigerant, ƙira da iyakar aikace-aikace.

Dacewar lantarki da inji

Duba voltage, phase, frequency, locked rotor current, running current, buƙatun capacitor, kariyar overload, girman mounting, haɗin suction da discharge, oil sight glass, crankcase heater da accessories.

Tsaro da bin ƙa’idoji

Ga refrigerants na A2L da A3, tabbatar cewa kwampreso da cikakken tsarin sun dace da ajin tsaron refrigerant. Tabbatar da ƙa’idojin shigarwa na gida, iyakokin charge, buƙatun ventilation da hanyoyin sabis a kasuwar da za a kai.

Yadda Ake Amfani da Jagorar Compatibility Ba Tare da Yin Kuskure Mai Tsada ba

Jadawalin daidaituwar compressor da refrigerant yana da amfani sosai a matakin farko na zaɓe. Yana taimaka wa mai rarrabawa ko mai sayen sabis ya guji kuskuren haɗawa da suka bayyana, kamar amfani da compressor na R134a a cikin tsarin R410A mai matsin lamba mai yawa ko shigar da compressor da ba na hydrocarbon ba a cikin kabinat na R290.

Zaɓin ƙarshe ya kamata koyaushe ya dogara ne da bayanan masana’antar compressor da ainihin yanayin aiki na kayan aikin. A aikace, mafi kyawun zaɓin maye gurbi shi ne wanda ya dace da amincewar refrigerant, nau’in mai, iyakar matsin lamba, ƙarfin aiki, ƙimar lantarki da ajin aminci.

Ga tsofaffin tsarin, maye gurbin kai tsaye da daidaitaccen wanda aka amince da shi sau da yawa shi ne zaɓi mafi ƙarancin haɗari idan refrigerant ɗin har yanzu yana nan kuma doka ta yarda a yi masa sabis a wannan kasuwa. Ga tsarin da ke matsawa zuwa refrigerants masu ƙarancin GWP, shawarar compressor tana zama ɓangare na babban nazarin injiniya. R32, R454B da R290 na iya zama refrigerants masu inganci a cikin tsarin da aka tsara yadda ya kamata, amma suna buƙatar compressor ɗin da ya dace da hanyoyin sarrafawa masu aminci.

Ga ƙungiyoyin saye, tambaya mafi muhimmanci ba wai kawai “Wane compressor ne ya dace da wannan refrigerant?” ba ce. Ita ce “Wane compressor ne aka amince da shi don wannan refrigerant, wannan aikace-aikacen, wannan mai, wannan zangon matsin lamba da wannan ajin aminci?” Wannan bincike mai faɗi shi ne ke kare aikin tsarin, amincin sabis da amincewar abokin ciniki.