Kalkuleta na Ƙayyade Girman Komfresan Dakin Sanyi: Yadda Ake Zaɓar Ƙarfin da Ya Dace

Zaɓar compressor ɗin da ya dace don ɗakin sanyi ba kawai batun daidaita horsepower ba ne. Idan compressor ya yi ƙanƙanta sosai, ɗakin na iya samun wahalar saukar da zafin jiki, ya riƙa aiki ba tare da tsayawa ba, kuma hakan ya rage tsawon rayuwar sassa. Idan kuma ya yi girma sosai, yawan kunna da kashewa na iya wuce kima, inganci ya ragu, kuma sarrafa zafin jiki ya zama mara kwanciyar hankali.

Ga walk-in coolers, freezers, da ƙananan ɗakunan ajiyar sanyi, tantance girman compressor yana farawa ne da lissafin refrigeration load. Daga nan dole ne a daidaita wannan load da yanayin aiki da ke wakiltar ainihin amfani: zafin ɗaki, zafin yanayin waje, refrigerant, evaporating temperature, condensing temperature, da aikin compressor a waɗannan yanayin.

Wannan jagorar tana bayyana yadda za a kimanta load na ɗakin sanyi, a mayar da shi zuwa bukatun capacity na compressor, sannan a guje wa kurakuran zaɓi na gama-gari yayin tantancewa ko maye gurbin compressor.

Abin da tantance girman compressor na ɗakin sanyi yake nufi a zahiri

Tantance girman compressor na ɗakin sanyi hanya ce ta zaɓar compressor mai isasshen refrigeration capacity domin ɗaukar jimillar zafin da ke shiga ɗakin a ƙarƙashin yanayin aikin da ake tsammani.

A aikace, capacity ɗin compressor da ake buƙata dole ne ya rufe fiye da akwatin da aka killace kansa kawai. Zaɓi mai kyau yana la’akari da:

• Ƙaruwar zafi ta bango, rufi, da bene
• Shigar iska ta buɗewar ƙofofi
• Nauyin saukar da zafin samfur
• Nauyin cikin gida daga haske, mutane, da fanfo
• Tasirin cire ƙanƙara inda ya dace
• Tazarar kariya don ainihin yanayin aiki

Zaɓin ƙarshe na compressor ya kamata ya dogara da ƙarfin sanyaya, ba kawai girman mota ko ƙa'idar ƙaura ba. Ana iya sayar da compressor mai irin wannan horsepower ɗin, amma ya bayar da ƙarfin aiki daban sosai gwargwadon refrigerant da yanayin zafin aiki.

Matsakaicin kewayon aikace-aikace

Bukatun compressor na ɗakin sanyi suna bambanta sosai gwargwadon yanayin zafin ɗaki:

• Walk-in cooler / matsakaicin zafi: yawanci kusan 0°C zuwa 8°C na yanayin zafin ɗaki
• Ma'ajiyar chiller: sau da yawa kusan -5°C zuwa 5°C gwargwadon samfur
• Walk-in freezer / ƙananan zafi: galibi kusan -18°C zuwa -25°C
• Ma'ajiyar daskarewa mai zurfi: ƙasa da -25°C a wasu aikace-aikace

Yayin da ake buƙatar ƙananan yanayin zafin ɗaki, compressor yana aiki a ƙarƙashin yanayin tsotsa mafi wahala. Wannan yawanci yana nufin ƙaramin ƙarfin aiki da ake samu daga irin wannan samfurin compressor ɗin da kuma mafi girman compression ratio.

Lissafin nauyin refrigeration mataki-mataki

Kalkuletan ƙididdigar girman compressor na ɗakin sanyi yana da amfani ne gwargwadon ingancin bayanan da aka shigar a cikinsa. Ga yawancin aikin ƙayyadewa da sauyawa, ana iya ƙiyasta jimillar nauyin ɗakin a matsayin tarin manyan sassa huɗu.

Jimillar nauyin sanyaya = nauyin watsawar zafi + nauyin shigar iska + nauyin kaya + nauyin ciki

Sannan a ƙara tazara ta ƙira kafin zaɓar kwampreso.

1. Nauyin watsawar zafi ta cikin rufaffen ɗaki

Nauyin watsawar zafi shi ne zafin da ke shiga ta bangarori masu rufi, bene, rufi, ƙofofi, da duk wasu saman da suke fuskantar muhalli mai ɗumi.

Wata dabara mai amfani ita ce:

Q = U × A × ΔT

Inda:

• Q = ƙarin zafi
• U = jimillar ma'aunin canja wurin zafi na panel ko saman
• A = fadin saman
• ΔT = bambancin zafin jiki tsakanin muhalli da saitin zafin ɗakin

Don ƙiyasta wannan:

1. Ƙididdige jimillar fadin saman da aka fallasa na bangon ɗaki, rufi, da bene.
2. Yi amfani da ƙimar rufi da ta dace don tsarin ginin panel ɗin.
3. Aiwatar da bambancin zafin jiki da ake tsammani.

Yanayin muhalli mai zafi sosai, rashin ingantaccen rufi, hasken rana kai tsaye, da bene mai ɗumi duk suna ƙara nauyin.

2. Shigar iska daga buɗe ƙofofi

Duk lokacin da aka buɗe ƙofa, iska mai ɗumi da danshi tana shiga ɗakin, kuma iska mai sanyi tana fita. Wannan nauyin na iya zama mai yawa, musamman ga freezers, ɗakunan sabis masu yawan aiki, da wuraren da ba su da strip curtains ko air curtains.

Shigar iska ya danganta da:

• Girman ƙofa
• Yawan buɗewa da tsawon lokacin buɗewar
• Bambancin zafin jiki
• Bambancin danshi
• Amfani da traffic doors, curtains, ko vestibules

Don kimantawar aikin cikin sauri, masu girkawa sukan yi amfani da wani ƙiyasin da ya dogara da yadda ake amfani da ɗaki maimakon yin cikakken lissafin psychrometric. Ɗakin da ake yawan shiga yana buƙatar ƙarin ƙiyasin shigar zafi fiye da ɗakin ajiya da ba kasafai ake buɗewa ba.

3. Nauyin samfur

Nauyin samfur shi ne zafin da ake cirewa daga kayayyakin da aka adana a cikin ɗakin. Wannan na ɗaya daga cikin mafi muhimmancin sassa wajen zaɓen compressor na ma’ajiyar sanyi, musamman idan ɗakin yana sanyaya sabbin kayayyaki maimakon kawai riƙe haja da aka riga aka sanyaya ko aka daskarar.

Sauƙaƙƙen tsarin lissafin nauyin samfur shi ne:

Q = m × c × ΔT / t

Inda:

• m = nauyin samfur
• c = takamaiman zafin samfur
• ΔT = raguwar zafin da ake buƙata
• t = lokacin saukar da zafi

Idan samfur yana sauya yanayi, kamar daskarewa, dole ne a kuma haɗa latent heat.

Wannan yana nufin akwai babban bambanci tsakanin:

• Holding load: kiyaye samfur da aka riga aka sanyaya a zafin ajiya
• Pull-down load: sanyaya samfur mai dumi bayan an loda shi

Ɗakin da ake amfani da shi don saurin sanyaya samfur yana buƙatar ƙarfin aiki fiye da ɗakin da ake amfani da shi kawai don tsayayyen ajiya.

4. Nauyukan cikin gida

Ana yawan raina tushen zafin cikin gida. Abubuwan da sukan bayar da gudummawa sun haɗa da:

• Motocin fan na evaporator
• Hasken wuta
• Mutanen da ke aiki a cikin ɗakin
• Forklifts ko kayan aikin sarrafa kaya
• Na’urorin dumama defrost a lokacin dawowar tsarin aiki

Ko da ƙaramin ɗakin sanyi mai shiga da ƙafa zai iya ganin ƙarin nauyi da ake iya lura da shi daga fitilu da injinan fan da ke aiki ba tare da tsayawa ba.

5. Ƙara tazara mai ma’ana a ƙira

Bayan ƙiyasta dukkan nauyin zafi, injiniyoyi da yawa suna ƙara tazara a ƙira domin la’akari da ainihin yanayin aiki, ƙananan raina hasashe, daskarewar coil, tsufa, da bambancin wurin aiki.

Tazarar ya kamata ta kasance mai ma’ana maimakon wuce gona da iri. Yin girman compressor fiye da kima na iya haifar da nasa matsalolin.

Yadda ake mayar da nauyin ɗaki zuwa ƙarfin compressor

Da zarar an san jimillar nauyin sanyaya, mataki na gaba shi ne zaɓar compressor da zai iya samar da wannan ƙarfin a ƙarƙashin yanayin aikin da aka nufa.

A nan ne kurakuran ƙayyade girma da yawa ke faruwa.

Dole ne ƙarfin compressor ya dace da yanayin zafin evaporating da condensing

Compressor ba ya samar da ƙarfi ɗaya tabbatacce a dukkan tsarin aiki. Ƙarfi yana canzawa gwargwadon yanayin aiki.

Domin yin zaɓi daidai, ayyana:

• Matsayin zafin ɗaki da aka saita
• Yanayin zafin evaporating da ake nema
• Yanayin zafin muhalli da ake tsammani
• Yanayin zafin condensing da ake nema
• Nau’in refrigerant
• Bukatun wutar lantarki

Misali, injin daskarewa a yanayin zafin ɗaki na -20°C na iya aiki da yanayin zafin evaporation da ya yi ƙasa sosai da wannan saitin ɗakin, gwargwadon ƙirar coil da bambancin yanayin zafin iska. Haka kuma, na'urar condensing a yanayi mai zafi za ta yi aiki da yanayin zafin condensing da ya fi na wadda ke aiki a yanayi mai laushi yawa.

Saboda haka, compressor ɗaya zai iya bayyana ya dace a takarda a wani makin kimantawa, amma ya zama bai dace ba a aiki na zahiri a wani daban.

Saurin tsarin zaɓen girma

Tsarin aiki mai amfani na zaɓen girma shi ne:

1. Ƙididdige jimillar load na ɗakin.
2. Ƙara tazara ta kariya mai ma'ana.
3. Ƙayyade yanayin zafin evaporation na ƙira.
4. Ƙayyade yanayin zafin condensing na ƙira.
5. Zaɓi refrigerant.
6. Duba jadawalan ƙarfin compressor a daidai waɗannan sharuɗɗa.
7. Tabbatar da ƙarfin mota, current draw, da application envelope.

BTU, kW, da tons na refrigeration

Ayyukan cold room sau da yawa ana tattauna su da amfani da raka'o'in auna daban-daban. Masu siya da ƙungiyoyin sabis ya kamata su kasance a shirye su canza daga ɗaya zuwa wani.

Raka'o'in ƙarfin aiki da aka fi amfani da su sun haɗa da:

• BTU/h
• kW
• kcal/h
• TR (tons of refrigeration)

Ko wace raka'a aka yi amfani da ita, muhimmin batu iri ɗaya ne: a yi amfani da bayanan aikin compressor a ainihin yanayin aiki, ba kawai lambobin suna na talla ba.

Ka'idojin zaɓi don walk-in coolers da freezers

Bayan an ƙididdige load ɗin, ya kamata zaɓen compressor ya kuma yi la’akari da yadda za a yi amfani da cold room a aikin zahiri.

Don walk-in coolers

Dakunan matsakaicin zafi yawanci suna da rabon matsawa da bai yi tsanani sosai ba, kuma gabaɗaya suna da yanayin aiki mafi sauƙi fiye da freezers. Muhimman abubuwan dubawa sun haɗa da:

• Daidaitaccen ƙarfi a ƙimar matsakaicin zafin da ake buƙata
• Inganci a yanayin muhalli da ake tsammani
• Kyakkyawan samuwar sassa a kasuwannin sabis
• Dacewar refrigerant da sauran tsarin
• Amo da halayen kunnawa-da-kashewa a wuraren cikin gida ko kusa da wuraren da mutane ke zama

Aikace-aikacen cooler sau da yawa suna ba da fifiko ga amfani da makamashi da daidaitaccen zafin akwatin fiye da saurin saukar da zafi mai tsanani.

Don walk-in freezers

Zaɓen girman compressor na freezer yana buƙatar ƙarin taka-tsantsan. Aikace-aikacen ƙananan zafi suna sanya ƙarin nauyi a kan compressor kuma sau da yawa suna buƙatar mafi kyawun sarrafa zafin fitarwa, dawowar mai, da farfaɗowar defrost.

Muhimman abubuwan dubawa sun haɗa da:

• Isasshen ƙarfi na ƙananan zafi a zafin evaporating da ake buƙata
• Dacewa da aikin freezer da rabon matsawa
• Ayyukan farfaɗowar defrost
• Daidaitaccen dacewar na'urar faɗaɗawa
• Kariyar tsarin da ta dace kamar sarrafa matsa lamba da kariyar mota

Compressor da yake aiki da kyau a cikin cooler na iya zama kwata-kwata bai dace da freezer ba, ko da girman sunan ya yi kama.

Don masu sayen replacement compressor

Lokacin maye gurbin compressor da ya lalace, kada a ƙayyade girma bisa tsohon lambar samfur kawai sai dai idan an tabbatar da ainihin aikace-aikacen farko.

Binciken sauyawa ya kamata ya haɗa da:

• Nau’in refrigerant da ake amfani da shi a cikin tsarin
• Wuta (voltage) da mita (frequency)
• Ƙarfin sanyaya a yanayin aiki
• Nau’in haɗi da sawun girkawa
• Nau’in mai da dacewarsa
• Halayen farawa da kayan haɗin lantarki
• Ko asalin matsalar ta faru ne saboda ƙarancin girma, zafi fiye da kima, floodback, ko gurɓacewar tsarin

Idan tsohon compressor ya lalace saboda zaɓin da bai dace ba, sake girka irin wannan girman na iya maimaita matsalar.

Kurakuran sizing da aka fi yi da yadda za a guje musu

Zaɓi bisa horsepower kaɗai

Horsepower ba hanya ce mai dogaro don sizing ba. Compressors biyu masu girman mota iri ɗaya na iya bayar da ƙarfin sanyaya daban a ɗaki mai sanyi iri ɗaya.

Abin da za a yi maimakon haka: koyaushe a duba ƙimar ƙarfin sanyaya a intended evaporating da condensing temperatures.

Yin watsi da yanayin zafin muhalli

Yanayin muhalli mai zafi yana rage aikin tsarin kuma yana ɗaga condensing temperature. Wannan yana da matuƙar muhimmanci ga yankunan tropical da kuma ƙirar lokacin kololuwar zafin bazara.

Abin da za a yi maimakon haka: yi sizing ta amfani da ainihin yanayin zafin muhalli na yankin, ba zato na catalog masu kyau kawai ba.

Rage ƙiyasin yawan buɗe ƙofa

Dafunan da ake yawan aiki a cikinsu, ɗakunan baya na shagunan retail, da cold rooms na rarrabawa na iya samun nauyin infiltration mafi girma sosai fiye da ɗakunan ajiya marasa yawan motsi.

Abin da za a yi a maimakon haka: a rarraba ɗakin bisa ainihin tsarin zirga-zirga kuma a haɗa matakan kariyar ƙofa inda zai yiwu.

Rikita ɗakunan ajiya da ɗakunan pull-down

Ɗakin da ke riƙe da kayayyakin da aka riga aka sanyaya yana buƙatar ƙarfin aiki ƙasa da wanda ke karɓar samfur mai ɗumi kowace rana.

Abin da za a yi a maimakon haka: a fayyace nauyin aikin aiki sosai kafin zaɓar compressor.

Yin oversizing da yawa fiye da kima

Yawan ƙarfin aiki fiye da buƙata na iya haifar da short cycling, rashin kyakkyawan sarrafa danshi a wasu aikace-aikace, da kashe kuɗi ba tare da buƙata ba.

Abin da za a yi a maimakon haka: a ƙara madaidaicin tazara, sannan a daidaita evaporator da controls yadda ya kamata.

Manta da dacewar dukkan tsarin

Compressor sashe ɗaya ne kawai na tsarin refrigeration.

Abin da za a yi a maimakon haka: a tabbatar cewa condenser, evaporator, expansion device, piping, refrigerant, da controls duk suna goyon bayan zaɓaɓɓen ƙarfin aiki.

Abin da za a haɗa a cikin cold room compressor sizing calculator

Ga distributors, contractors, da ƙungiyoyin engineering, calculator mai amfani ya kamata ya tattara isassun bayanai don bayar da zaɓin farko mai amfani.

Abubuwan shigarwa da aka ba da shawara sun haɗa da:

• Tsawon ɗaki, faɗi, da tsayi
• Nau’in insulation ko kaurin panel
• Zafin da ake saita ɗaki
• Zafin muhalli
• Nau’in samfur da yawan samfur na kullum
• Zafin samfur lokacin shigarwa
• Lokacin saukar da zafi da ake buƙata
• Girman ƙofa da yawan buɗewa
• Nauyin ciki kamar fitilu, mutane, da ƙarfin fan
• Zaɓin refrigerant
• Zafin evaporating da condensing da ake niyya

Abubuwan fitarwa da ake ba da shawara sun haɗa da:

• Kimanta jimillar nauyin refrigeration
• Shawarar kewayon ƙarfin compressor
• Ƙarfi tare da tazara ta kariya
• Kimanin buƙatar BTU/h da kW
• Rukunin aikace-aikace: mai sanyaya ko freezer
• Alamun gargaɗi don yawan zirga-zirgar ƙofa, saukar da zafi mai nauyi, ko aiki a yanayin muhalli mai zafi

Don aikin yin quotation, ya fi dacewa a ɗauki calculator a matsayin kayan aikin tantancewa na farko. Zaɓin compressor na ƙarshe ya kamata har yanzu a duba shi da jadawalan aikin masana’anta da kuma sharuɗɗan ƙirar tsarin.

Jerin dubawa na saye da ƙayyadaddun bayanai

Kafin yin oda don compressor na ɗakin sanyi ko condensing unit, tabbatar da waɗannan:

• Zafin ɗakin da ake buƙata
• Nauyin samfur na kullum da tsammanin pull-down
• Nau’in refrigerant
• Zafin muhalli na ƙira
• Wutar lantarki
• Ainihin ƙarfin compressor a yanayin aiki
• Dacewar aikace-aikacen matsakaicin ko ƙananan zafi
• Daidaituwar girkawa da piping
• Samuwar sassan gyara a kasuwar inda za a kai shi

Ga masu rarrabawa da masu saye na ƙasashen waje, waɗannan dubawar suna rage haɗarin mayar da kaya, suna hana maye gurbin da bai dace ba, kuma suna inganta nasarar girkawa tun daga farko.

Mafi kyawun yanke shawara wajen zaɓen girman compressor na ɗakin sanyi yana fitowa ne daga haɗa lissafin nauyin aiki da ainihin bayanan aiki. Wannan ne ke bambanta daidaituwa ta suna kawai da ingantaccen tsarin ɗakin sanyi mai dogaro.