Yadda Ake Zaɓar Kwampreso don Dakunan Sanyi: Jerin Duba Ƙarfi, Zafin Jiki da Sinadarin Sanyaya

Zaɓar compressor ɗin da ya dace na ɗaya daga cikin muhimman shawarwari a aikin ɗakin sanyi. Dole ne compressor ya dace da burin zafin ɗakin, nauyin kayayyaki, yanayin evaporating, zafin muhalli, refrigerant, wutar lantarki da yanayin shigarwa. Idan ƙarancinsa ya yi yawa, ɗakin na iya kasa saukowa zuwa setpoint yayin aiki mai yawa. Idan girmansa ya yi yawa, tsarin na iya yin short-cycle, ɓata makamashi, kuma ya haifar da rashin daidaiton sarrafa danshi ko zafin jiki.

Ga masu rarrabawa, kamfanonin sabis da masu shigar da na’urorin refrigeration, zaɓin compressor kuma shawara ce ta kasuwanci. Walk-in cooler compressor, walk-in freezer compressor ko cold storage compressor dole ne ya zama daidai a fasaha, ya kasance samuwa a irin voltage da refrigerant da ake buƙata, kuma ya dace da kulawa ta gaba a kasuwar gida. Jerin binciken da ke ƙasa yana bayyana manyan abubuwan da ya kamata a tabbatar kafin bayar da farashi, sauyawa ko shigar da commercial refrigeration compressor.

Fara da Aikin Dakin Sanyi: Cooler, Freezer ko Storage Room

Zaɓin compressor da ya dace yana farawa ne da application. Dakin sanyi na abubuwan sha, dakin sarrafa nama, freezer na abinci daskararre da dakin ajiyar magunguna duk na iya buƙatar yanayin aiki daban-daban, ko da girman ɗakinsu ya yi kama.

Ƙayyade burin zafin ɗakin

Zafin ɗaki shi ne matakin zaɓi na farko saboda yana ƙayyade aikin sanyaya da kewayon aikin kwampreso. Rukunan aikace-aikace na gama-gari sun haɗa da:

• Walk-in coolers: yawanci ana amfani da su don abinci mai sanyi, abubuwan sha, kayan madara, furanni ko ajiyar sabbin kayayyaki gabaɗaya.
• Walk-in freezers: ana amfani da su don abinci daskarre, ice cream, nama da kayayyakin da ke buƙatar ajiya a ƙasa da yanayin daskarewa.
• Cold storage rooms: rukuni mafi faɗi wanda zai iya haɗawa da ajiyar sanyi, ajiyar daskarewa, sanyaya na tsari ko ɗakunan riƙe kaya na dabaru.

Dole ne a amince da kwampreso ya yi aiki a kewayon zafin evaporation da ake buƙata. Kwampreso da aka tsara musamman don aikin matsakaicin zafi ƙila ba zai dace da aikin freezer na ƙaramin zafi ba. Haka kuma, kwampreso na ƙaramin zafi ƙila ba zai zama zaɓi mafi inganci ko mafi arha ba don ɗakin sanyi.

Yi la’akari da zafin samfur da nauyin pull-down

Ɗakin sanyi da ke riƙe kawai da kayayyakin da aka riga aka sanyaya yana da nauyi daban da ɗakin da ke karɓar kayayyaki masu ɗumi kowace rana. Pull-down na samfur na iya zama babban ɓangare na buƙatar ƙarfin sanyaya, musamman ga aikace-aikacen sabis na abinci, rarrabawa da sarrafawa.

Kafin zaɓar kwampreso, tabbatar:

• Nau’in samfur da adadin da ake lodawa a kowace rana
• Zafin jikin samfur lokacin shigowa
• Zafin ƙarshe na samfur da ake buƙata
• Lokacin pull-down da abokin ciniki ke tsammani
• Yawan buɗe ƙofa da jadawalin lodawa

Ɗaki da yake kama da ƙarami a takarda na iya buƙatar compressor mafi girma idan ana amfani da shi don saurin sanyaya, yawan zirga-zirgar ƙofa ko shigar da samfur mai ɗumi.

Daidaita nau’in compressor da kewayon aiki

Commercial cold rooms yawanci suna amfani da hermetic, semi-hermetic ko scroll compressors, gwargwadon kewayon ƙarfin aiki, buƙatun sabis, refrigerant da fifikon kasuwa.

• Hermetic compressors ana amfani da su sosai a ƙananan commercial refrigeration systems da packaged condensing units. Suna da ƙanƙanta kuma suna da sauƙin kuɗi, amma gyaran ciki yana da iyaka.
• Semi-hermetic compressors suna yawan kasancewa a manyan commercial refrigeration da cold storage systems. Ana iya yi musu sabis kuma sun dace da aikace-aikacen matsakaicin zafi da ƙananan zafi da yawa.
• Scroll compressors ana amfani da su a commercial refrigeration systems da yawa inda ake buƙatar aiki marar hayaniya, ƙanƙantar ƙira da inganci mai kyau. Ya kamata a bincika iyakokin aikace-aikace a hankali, musamman ga yanayin ƙananan zafi.

Zaɓi mafi kyau ba wai kawai samfurin compressor mai horsepower daidai ba ne. Shi ne compressor ɗin da ya dace da yanayin evaporating da ake buƙata, yanayin condensing, refrigerant, nau’in mai, hanyar sanyaya da kuma tsarin sabis da ake tsammani.

Tabbatar da Yanayin Zafin Evaporating, Yanayin Zafin Muhalli da Yanayin Condensing

Kuskure na gama-gari a zaɓen compressor na ɗakin sanyi shi ne zaɓa ta hanyar yanayin zafin ɗaki kaɗai. Ana zaɓar compressors ne bisa yanayin aiki, musamman yanayin zafin evaporating da yanayin zafin condensing. Waɗannan yanayi suna ƙayyade ainihin ƙarfin sanyaya da shigar wuta.

Yanayin zafin ɗaki ba ɗaya yake da yanayin zafin evaporating ba

Yanayin zafin evaporating yawanci yana ƙasa da yanayin zafin ɗaki saboda dole ne zafi ya motsa daga iskar ɗaki ta cikin evaporator coil zuwa cikin refrigerant. Bambancin da ke tsakanin yanayin zafin ɗaki da yanayin zafin evaporating ana yawan kiransa TD, ko temperature difference.

Misali, ɗakin sanyaya na iya aiki da yanayin zafin evaporating da ke da digiri da yawa ƙasa da setpoint na ɗaki. Ɗakin freezer zai yi aiki a yanayin zafin evaporating mafi ƙasa sosai. Ainihin ƙimar ta dogara da girman evaporator, buƙatun danshi, kwararar iska, tasirin samfur da ƙirar tsarin.

Ƙaramin zafin tururin da ke fita yana rage ƙarfin compressor kuma yawanci yana ƙara amfani da makamashi. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa zaɓin compressor ya kamata ya yi amfani da zafin tururin da aka tsara, ba kawai saitin thermostat ba.

Zafin yanayi yana shafar matsin condensing

Zafin yanayi ma yana da muhimmanci sosai. Condensing unit da aka girka a waje a yanayi mai zafi yana fuskantar zafin condensing mafi girma fiye da unit da aka girka a yanayi mai laushi ko ɗakin injina mai samun iska sosai.

Mafi girman zafin condensing yawanci yana nufin:

• Ƙaramin ƙarfin compressor
• Mafi girman shigar ƙarfin lantarki na compressor
• Mafi girman zafin discharge
• Ƙarin matsin lamba ga sassan tsarin
• Mafi girman haɗarin kashewa saboda high-pressure idan kwararar iska ta condenser ba ta da kyau

Ga ayyukan ƙasashen waje, masu girkawa da masu rarrabawa ya kamata su yi taka-tsantsan da yanayin ƙasar. Compressor da aka zaɓa bisa ƙimar yanayi mai laushi na iya yin aiki mara kyau a kasuwannin wuraren zafi na tropical ko hamada sai dai idan condenser da compressor operating envelope sun dace.

Duba compressor operating envelope

Kowane samfurin compressor yana da application envelope da ke nuna inda zai iya aiki cikin aminci. Envelope ɗin yana dogara ne da zafin evaporating, zafin condensing, zafin return gas, refrigerant, sanyaya motor da sauran iyakoki.

Kafin tabbatar da zaɓin compressor na ɗakin sanyi, a duba cewa wurin ƙira yana cikin amintaccen iyakar aiki da aka amince da ita. Wannan yana da muhimmanci musamman ga:

• Compressors na walk-in freezer da ke aiki a ƙananan yanayin zafin evaporating
• Tsarukan da ke amfani da condensers masu sanyaya da iska a yanayin zafin muhalli mai yawa
• Refrigerants da ke da halayen zafin fitarwa mafi girma
• Aikace-aikace masu dogayen layukan bututu ko rashin isasshen iska
• Ayyukan maye gurbi inda ƙirar tsarin asali ba ta bayyana ba

Compressor na iya zama kamar yana da isasshen nominal capacity, amma idan wurin aiki yana wajen envelope, tsarin na iya fuskantar overheating, matsalolin oil return, nuisance trips ko lalacewa kafin lokaci.

Yi Lissafin Cooling Capacity Kafin Zaɓar Girman Compressor

Lissafin ƙarfin compressor shi ne ginshiƙin zaɓin compressor na ɗakin sanyi. Horsepower kaɗai ba hanya ce tabbatacciya ta zaɓi ba saboda ƙarfin compressor yana canzawa bisa refrigerant da yanayin aiki. Compressor 5 HP a wani yanayi na iya bayar da refrigeration capacity daban ƙwarai da irin wannan nominal size a wani yanayi daban.

Manyan heat loads a cikin ɗakin sanyi

Lissafin load na aiki ya kamata ya yi la’akari da duk manyan hanyoyin zafi da ke shiga ɗakin. Waɗannan yawanci sun haɗa da:

• Nauyin watsawa: zafin da ke shiga ta bango, rufi, bene da bangarorin insulation
• Nauyin samfur: zafin da ake cirewa daga kayayyakin da aka sanya a cikin ɗakin
• Nauyin shigar iska: iska mai ɗumi da ke shiga ta buɗe ƙofofi, labule, ayyukan lodi ko zubewar iska
• Nauyin cikin gida: injinan fan, fitilu, mutane, forklifts ko kayan aiki a cikin ɗakin
• Nauyin defrost: zafin da ake ƙara yayin amfani da lantarki, hot gas ko wasu hanyoyin defrost, musamman a cikin freezers

Ga masu sayen maye gurbi, yana da amfani a kwatanta nauyin da aka ƙididdige da aikin tsarin da ke akwai. Idan tsohon compressor ya lalace saboda tsarin ya yi nauyi fiye da kima, maye gurbinsa da irin ƙarfin ɗaya ba lallai ya magance matsalar ba.

Ƙara iyakar tsaro a hankali

Iyakar tsaro mai ma’ana na iya taimakawa wajen rufe bambancin aiki na gaske, amma ya kamata a guji zaɓar compressor mai girma fiye da kima. Yawan ƙarfin compressor fiye da kima na iya haifar da yin aiki da tsayawa akai-akai, rashin daidaiton suction pressure da rashin ingantaccen sarrafa zafi da danshi. Haka kuma yana iya ƙara starting current da rage ingancin tsarin.

Iyakar da ta dace tana dogara da ingancin ƙididdigar nauyi, amfani da ɗaki, yanayi da hanyar sarrafawa. Don aikace-aikacen ajiya masu matuƙar muhimmanci, zai iya fi kyau a yi amfani da compressors da yawa, staged capacity ko condensing unit da aka tsara da kyau maimakon kawai zaɓar compressor ɗaya mai girma fiye da kima.

Daidaita ƙarfin compressor da ƙarfin evaporator

Dole ne a daidaita compressor da evaporator a yanayin ƙira iri ɗaya. Idan evaporator ya yi ƙanƙanta ga compressor, matsin suction na iya zama ƙasa da abin da ake tsammani kuma ɗakin na iya fuskantar cire danshi fiye da kima ko daskarewar coil. Idan evaporator ya yi girma fiye da compressor, saukar da zafi na iya zama a hankali kuma dawowar zafin ɗaki na iya zama mara kyau.

Lokacin duba tayin farashi ko zaɓin maye gurbi, tabbatar cewa an zaɓi compressor, condenser, evaporator, expansion valve da controls a matsayin tsarin guda ɗaya. Cold room ba compressor kawai ba ne; cikakken refrigeration circuit ne.

Yi la’akari da compressor guda ɗaya ko compressors da yawa

Ga ƙananan walk-in coolers da freezers, compressor guda ɗaya ya zama ruwan dare. Ga manyan ɗakunan cold storage ko wuraren da load ke canzawa, compressors da yawa ko parallel systems na iya samar da ingantaccen control da redundancy.

Tsare-tsaren multiple-compressor na iya taimakawa lokacin da:

• Load na ɗaki yana canzawa sosai a cikin rana
• Ingancin partial-load yana da muhimmanci
• Abokin ciniki yana buƙatar backup capacity
• Akwai ɗakuna da dama masu matakan zafi daban-daban
• Samun damar maintenance ba tare da cikakken shutdown ba yana da amfani

Shawarar ta dogara da girman project, kasafin kuɗi, service capability da bukatun control.

Duba Refrigerant, Oil, Voltage da Bukatun Installation

Bayan an tabbatar da ƙarfin aiki da yanayin aiki, binciken dacewa na aikace ya zama muhimmi. Matsalolin zaɓi da yawa ba sa faruwa saboda compressor ɗin bai dace da girma ba, sai dai saboda ba a tabbatar da refrigerant, mai, ƙarfin lantarki ko bayanan shigarwa ba.

Zaɓi nau’in refrigerant da ya dace

Ana ƙera kuma ana amincewa da compressors na commercial refrigeration don takamaiman refrigerants. Model ɗin compressor, nau’in mai, sanyaya motor, ƙimar matsin lamba da application envelope dole su dace da refrigerant ɗin da ake amfani da shi a cikin tsarin.

Abubuwan da ake yawan la’akari da su game da refrigerant sun haɗa da:

• Refrigerant ɗin da ke cikin tsarin maye gurbi na yanzu
• Dokokin refrigerant na gida da samuwarsa
• Sabon sani da ƙwarewar service technician a kasuwar da ake nufi
• Dacewar expansion valve da controls
• Dacewar mai da tsarin caji da ake buƙata
• Safety class da buƙatun shigarwa

Kada a taɓa ɗauka cewa refrigerants biyu masu aikace-aikace makamanta za a iya amfani da su musanya juna a cikin compressor ɗaya. Aikin retrofit yana buƙatar duba a hankali amincewar compressor, mai, seals, controls da sassan tsarin.

Tabbatar da power supply da hanyar farawa

Power supply muhimmin bayani ne na fitarwa da maye gurbi. Ana iya samar da compressors a nau’o’in ƙarfin lantarki, phase da frequency daban-daban, kuma rashin dacewa na iya haifar da lalacewar motor nan take ko aiki marar tabbas.

Tabbatar da waɗannan bayanai kafin yin oda:

• Wutar lantarki, fasa da mitar da ake da su a wurin
• Bambancin wutar lantarki da aka yarda da shi
• Hanyar farawa, kamar direct-on-line, part-winding, star-delta ko soft starter inda ya dace
• Contactors, overloads, kariyar fasa da crankcase heater da ake buƙata
• Ka’idojin lantarki na gida da ayyukan masu girkawa

Ga masu saye daga ƙasashen waje, mita tana da muhimmanci musamman. Aikin compressor da dacewar mota na iya bambanta tsakanin samfuran 50 Hz da 60 Hz. Nameplate da bayanan fasaha ya kamata su dace da wurin aikin.

Duba sarrafa mai da tsarin bututu

Dawowar mai babban abu ne na amincin tsarin sanyaya. Ko da compressor da aka zaɓa daidai zai iya lalacewa idan mai ba zai iya dawowa daga evaporator da suction line a ƙarƙashin ainihin yanayin aiki ba.

A kula da:

• Girman suction line da velocity
• Vertical risers da oil traps
• Dogayen hanyoyin bututu tsakanin condensing unit da evaporator
• Aiki a ƙaramin kaya da capacity control
• Amfani da crankcase heater yadda ya dace
• Nau’in mai daidai da oil charge

Tsarin freezer da girke-girke na nesa suna buƙatar kulawa ta musamman saboda ƙananan evaporating temperatures da dogayen suction lines na iya sa dawowar mai ta fi wahala.

Duba condenser da samun iska

Kwampreso yana dogaro da condenser don fitar da zafi. Idan condenser ɗin ya yi ƙanƙanta, ya yi datti ko an girka shi a wurin da iska ba ta zagayawa sosai, kwampreso zai yi aiki a matsa lamba da zafin jiki mafi girma.

Ga tsarin da iska ke sanyaya, tabbatar da:

• Zafin jikin yanayi na ƙira
• Tazarar wucewar iska ta condenser
• Aikin fan da damar yin kulawa
• Haɗarin dawowar iska mai zafi
• Yanayin lalacewa ta tsatsa kusa da yankunan bakin teku ko masana'antu

Ga tsarin da ruwa ke sanyaya, tabbatar da zafin ruwan, ƙimar kwarara, ingancin ruwa da bukatun sabis.

Jerin Duba na Aiki ga Masu Siya, Masu Rarrabawa da Masu Girka

Tsararren jerin duba yana rage kurakuran ƙididdigar farashi kuma yana taimaka wa masu samarwa su ba da shawarar kwampreso da ya dace da ainihin aikace-aikacen. Wannan yana da amfani musamman ga masu rarraba kayan gyara da kamfanonin gyara da ke kula da buƙatun sauyawa na gaggawa.

Bayanan da ake buƙata don sabon aikin ɗakin sanyi

Don sabon walk-in cooler, freezer ko ɗakin ajiyar sanyi, tattara waɗannan kafin zaɓar kwampreso:

• Tsawon ɗaki, faɗi da tsayi
• Zafin ɗaki da ake buƙata da zafin samfur
• Nau’in samfur da adadin lodin yau da kullum
• Zafin samfur lokacin shigarwa da lokacin saukar da zafi
• Zafin muhalli a kusa da condensing unit
• Kaurin insulation panel da tsarin gini
• Girman ƙofa, yawan ƙofofi da yawan buɗewa
• Wurin evaporator da buƙatun kwararar iska
• Zaɓin refrigerant ko buƙatar aikin
• Wutar lantarki da ake da ita, phase da frequency
• Shigar da condensing unit a cikin gida ko a waje
• Duk wani buƙatar redundancy, rage hayaniya ko ingancin amfani da makamashi

Da wannan bayani, mai samarwa ko injiniya zai iya ƙididdige load ɗin kuma ya zaɓi ƙarfin compressor a yanayin evaporating da condensing da ya dace.

Bayanin da ake buƙata don maye gurbin compressor

Don aikin maye gurbi, hanya mafi sauri ita ce gano compressor ɗin da ake da shi da yanayin tsarin. Duk da haka, har yanzu yana da muhimmanci a fahimci dalilin da ya sa tsohon compressor ɗin ya lalace.

Tattara waɗannan bayanai:

• Samfurin compressor da ake da shi da hoton nameplate
• Nau’in refrigerant da mai
• Aikace-aikace: cooler, freezer ko process room
• Zafin ɗaki da operating suction pressure
• Wurin condensing unit da yanayin muhalli
• Cikakkun bayanan power supply da control panel
• Dalilin lalacewa idan an sani
• Yanayin condenser, evaporator da expansion valve
• Tsawon bututu da duk wani tarihin matsalolin oil return

Idan asalin samfurin ya tsufa ko ba ya samuwa, ya kamata a sake duba compressor ɗin maye gurbi ta hanyar ƙarfin aiki, iyakar aikace-aikace, refrigerant, bayanan lantarki, mounting, girman haɗi da kayan haɗi.

Guji kurakuran zaɓi na yau da kullum

Yawancin matsalolin compressor na ɗakin sanyi ana iya danganta su da wasu kurakurai na aikace-aikace:

• Zaɓi bisa horsepower maimakon ƙarfin sanyaya a yanayin ƙira
• Yin watsi da zafin muhallin gida
• Amfani da zafin ɗaki maimakon zafin evaporating
• Sauya compressor ba tare da bincika dalilin gazawar ba
• Zaɓar sigar refrigerant da ba ta dace da tsarin ba
• Yin sakaci da voltage, phase ko frequency
• Shigar da compressor a wajen iyakar da aka amince da ita
• Ƙara girman compressor fiye da kima don rama rashin tabbas a lissafin nauyi

Zaɓin compressor na ɗakin sanyi mai aminci yana daidaita ƙarfin aiki, kewayon zafi, dacewar refrigerant da sauƙin aikin sabis. Ga masu sayen kasuwanci, mafi kyawun quotation ba koyaushe ne mafi ƙarancin farashi ko mafi kusa da horsepower ba; shi ne zaɓin da zai yi aiki cikin aminci a ƙarƙashin ainihin yanayin aiki na abokin ciniki.

Muhimmin Abu

Don zaɓar compressor don ɗakunan sanyi, a ayyana aikace-aikacen, a ƙididdige nauyin sanyaya, a zaɓi ƙarfin aiki a madaidaitan yanayin zafin evaporating da condensing, a tabbatar da refrigerant da mai, sannan a tabbatar da wutar lantarki da yanayin shigarwa. Walk-in coolers, walk-in freezers da manyan ɗakunan ajiyar sanyi kowannensu yana da buƙatu daban-daban ga compressor. Jerin abubuwan dubawa mai kyau yana taimaka wa masu rarrabawa, ƙungiyoyin gyara da ’yan kwangila su rage haɗarin zaɓi, su guji maimaituwar lalacewa, kuma su samar da tsarin refrigeration da ke aiki cikin aminci a wurin aiki.