HP na Kwampreso, BTU, Watts da Ƙarfin Sanyaya: Abin da Masu Saye Ya Kamata Su Sani Kafin Daidaita Samfuri

Lokacin da kwampresan firiji ya lalace, masu saya sau da yawa suna farawa da tambaya guda: “HP nawa ne?” Horsepower sananne ne, yana da sauƙin isarwa kuma ana buga shi sosai a cikin katalo. Haka kuma yana daga cikin dalilan da suka fi yawan haifar da kuskuren daidaita kwampresa.

Kwampresan 1 HP ba lallai ne ya yi daidai kai tsaye da wani kwampresan 1 HP ba. Ainihin ƙarfin sanyaya ya dogara da nau’in refrigerant, zafin evaporating, zafin condensing, ƙirar kwampresa, displacement, ingancin mota, voltage da ma’aunin gwaji da aka yi amfani da shi wajen buga rating ɗin. Irin wannan model ɗin na iya nuna BTU/h ko watt capacity daban-daban sosai a ƙarƙashin yanayin air-conditioning, refrigeration na matsakaicin zafi ko freezing na ƙananan zafi.

Ga distributors, kamfanonin gyara, service technicians da masu girka cold-room, fahimtar canjin compressor HP zuwa BTU ba wai haddace chart ba ne, amma yana fi danganta da kwatanta madaidaicin rating point. Kyakkyawan shawarar replacement tana kare zafin cabinet, amfani da makamashi, rayuwar kwampresa da gamsuwar abokin ciniki.

Me Ya Sa Horsepower Shi Kaɗai Bai Isa Ba

Horsepower yana bayyana ƙarfin mota, ba ainihin cooling capacity da ake bayarwa a cikin tsarin refrigeration ba. A sauƙaƙe, HP yana gaya maka wani abu game da girman motar kwampresa, yayin da BTU/h ko watts na cooling capacity ke bayyana yawan zafin da kwampresan zai iya taimakawa cirewa daga sararin da ake sanyaya a ƙarƙashin takamaiman yanayi.

Wannan bambanci yana da muhimmanci saboda compressors na firiji ba sa aiki a ƙarfin aiki guda ɗaya tak. Fitar aikinsu tana canzawa bisa ga matsin suction, matsin discharge, kaddarorin refrigerant da zafin tsarin. Compressor da ake amfani da shi don evaporator na air-conditioning na iya bayar da ƙarfin aiki mafi girma fiye da compressor ɗin nan ɗaya idan yana aiki a aikace-aikacen freezer.

Matsala ta gama gari a zaɓin wanda za a sauya ita ce ɗauka cewa compressors masu nominal HP iri ɗaya za su iya maye gurbin juna. Wataƙila ba za su iya ba. Bambance-bambancen na iya haɗawa da:

• Refrigerants daban-daban, kamar R134a, R404A, R407C, R410A, R448A, R449A, R290 ko wasu zaɓuɓɓuka na musamman ga kasuwa
• Yankunan aikace-aikace daban-daban, kamar high, medium ko low back pressure
• Bayanan lantarki daban-daban, ciki har da voltage, phase da frequency
• Fasahohin compressor daban-daban, kamar reciprocating, scroll, rotary ko semi-hermetic designs
• Displacement da speed daban-daban
• Nau'in oil da dacewar refrigerant daban-daban
• Ƙimar capacity daban-daban ƙarƙashin yanayin gwaji daban-daban

Misali, compressor da aka bayyana a matsayin “1 HP” don firijin matsakaicin zafi ba za a iya zaɓarsa da cikakken tabbaci ba sai an duba rated capacity ɗinsa a yanayin evaporating da condensing temperatures da ake buƙata. A yanayin ƙananan zafi, wannan ajin horsepower ɗin na iya bayar da ƙarfin sanyaya ƙasa sosai fiye da abin da mai saya yake tsammani.

Fahimtar BTU/h, Watts, HP da Displacement

Katalojin kwampreso suna amfani da kalmomi da dama da suka shafi ƙarfin aiki. Suna da alaƙa, amma ba ma’ana ɗaya suke nufi ba. Daidaita wanda za a maye gurbi yana buƙatar sanin abin da kowace kalma za ta iya gaya maka da abin da ba za ta iya gaya maka ba.

BTU/h: ƙimar cire zafi

BTU/h, ko British thermal units per hour, ma’auni ne na ƙarfin sanyaya. Yana nuna maka yawan zafin da tsarin zai iya cirewa a cikin awa ɗaya a wani yanayin aiki da aka bayyana. Masu saye da yawa a Arewacin Amurka, Gabas ta Tsakiya, Afirka da wasu sassan Asiya sun saba da kwatanta ƙarfin kwampreson na’urar sanyaya a BTU/h.

A matsayin sauya raka’a gabaɗaya:

• 1 watt na ƙarfin sanyaya yana daidai da kusan 3.412 BTU/h
• 1,000 watts yana daidai da kusan 3,412 BTU/h
• 12,000 BTU/h ana yawan kiransa 1 refrigeration ton

Waɗannan sauye-sauyen raka’a ne, ba dokokin zaɓin kwampreso ba. Kwampreso da aka ƙayyade a 12,000 BTU/h a wani yanayi na iya ƙasa da samar da 12,000 BTU/h a wani yanayi daban.

Watts: fitowar sanyaya ko shigar wutar lantarki?

Watts na iya jawo ruɗani saboda kataloji na iya amfani da watts don ƙimomi daban-daban. Takardar bayanin samfur na iya lissafa ƙarfin sanyaya a watts, ƙarfin wutar shigarwa a watts ko duka biyun.

• Ƙarfin sanyaya a watts yana nufin ƙarfin cire zafi.
• Ƙarfin shigarwa a watts yana nufin wutar lantarki da kwampreso ke cinyewa.
• Alaƙar da ke tsakanin ƙarfin sanyaya da ƙarfin shigarwa ana bayyana ta ta hanyar alamomin inganci kamar COP ko EER.

Kwampreso mai ƙarfin sanyaya 2,000 W ba lallai ba ne ya cinye 2,000 W na ƙarfin lantarki. Dangane da yanayi da inganci, shigarwar lantarki za ta bambanta. Lokacin duba watts na kwampreson firiji, a koyaushe tabbatar ko lambar tana nufin ƙarfin sanyaya ne ko amfani da wutar lantarki.

Horsepower: girman mota da lakabin kasuwa

Horsepower naúrar ƙarfin mota ce. A jujjuyawar inji, 1 HP kusan watts 746 ne. Duk da haka, hakan ba yana nufin kwampreso 1 HP yana da ƙarfin sanyaya 746 W ba. Ƙarfin sanyaya yawanci ya fi shigarwar lantarki yawa saboda zagayen firiji yana motsa zafi maimakon mayar da lantarki kai tsaye zuwa sanyaya.

A aikace-aikacen kasuwanci, ana yawan amfani da HP a matsayin lakabin ajin samfur. Ainihin ƙarfin BTU/h na kwampresoshi da aka yi wa lakabi da HP ɗaya na iya bambanta sosai dangane da ƙira da yanayin ƙididdiga. Jadawalin horsepower na kwampreso na iya zama mai amfani don tantancewa a taƙaice, amma bai kamata ya zama shi kaɗai ne tushen maye gurbin samfur ba.

Displacement: ƙarar da kwampreso ke motsawa

Displacement na kwampreso, wanda ake yawan nuna shi a cc, cm³/rev ko m³/h, yana nuna ƙarar da tsarin kwampreso ke sharewa. Yana da muhimmanci saboda yana tasiri kan kwararar taro da yuwuwar ƙarfin aiki. Mafi girman displacement gabaɗaya yana nuna yuwuwar ƙarfin aiki mafi girma, amma ba cikakkiyar amsa ba ne.

Ƙarfin sanyaya kuma ya dogara da ingancin ƙarar iska, yawan refrigerant a yanayin tsotsa, rabon matsawa, saurin mota da fasahar compressor. Compressors biyu masu ƙimar compressor displacement cc iri ɗaya har yanzu za su iya yin aiki daban idan suna amfani da refrigerants daban ko suna aiki a kewayon zafin jiki daban.

Displacement ya fi amfani lokacin kwatanta samfura a cikin iyalin compressor iri ɗaya, refrigerant ɗaya da kewayon aikace-aikace ɗaya. Yana zama ƙasa da dogaro lokacin kwatanta brands, fasahohi ko refrigerants daban-daban.

Dalilin da ya sa Yanayin Rating ke Canza Ƙarfin Sanyaya

Muhimmin dalilin da ya sa daidaita HP-zuwa-BTU ke kasa shi ne cewa ƙarfin compressor yana canzawa bisa yanayin aiki. Rating na compressor yana da ma’ana ne kawai idan an san wurin rating.

Zafin evaporating

Zafin evaporating yana da alaƙa sosai da matsin tsotsa da matakin zafin jiki na aikace-aikacen. Zafin evaporating mafi girma gabaɗaya yana ba da damar ƙarfin compressor mafi girma. Ƙananan zafin evaporating yana rage yawan iskar tsotsa kuma yana ƙara rabon matsawa, don haka ƙarfin yana raguwa kuma compressor yana aiki da wahala.

Rukunin aikace-aikace na yau da kullum sun haɗa da:

• Sanyaya iska da sanyaya mai zafin jiki mai girma
• Refrigeration na matsakaicin zafin jiki don chillers, akwatunan nuna kaya da ɗakunan sanyi sama da daskarewa
• Refrigeration na ƙananan zafin jiki don freezers da ajiyar kayan daskarewa

Kwamfreso na iya dacewa da wani rukuni amma bai dace da wani ba. Amfani da kwamfreson matsakaicin zafi a aikace-aikacen ƙananan zafi ba tare da duba envelope ɗinsa ba na iya haifar da zafi fiye da kima, ƙarancin capacity, rashin dawowar mai yadda ya kamata ko gazawa da wuri.

Zafin condensing

Zafin condensing yana da alaƙa da zafin yanayin waje, girman condenser, kwararar iska da tsabtar tsarin. Zafin condensing mafi girma yawanci yana rage cooling capacity kuma yana ƙara ƙarfin lantarkin da kwamfreso ke buƙata. Wannan yana da muhimmanci musamman a yanayi masu zafi, shigarwa a kan rufi, ɗakunan injina marasa samun isasshen iska da tsarin da ke da condenser ƙanana ko masu datti.

Lokacin kwatanta BTU capacity na kwamfreso, duba ko ƙimar catalog ta dogara ne da zafin condensing da ya dace da ainihin shigarwar. Model ɗin da ya yi kama da mai dacewa a matsakaicin zafin condensing na iya zama bai isa ba idan yana aiki a yanayi mai zafin waje mai yawa.

Superheat da subcooling

Bayanan aikin catalog na iya kuma ƙayyade zafin gas na suction, return gas superheat, liquid subcooling ko hasashen yanayin waje. Waɗannan yanayi suna shafar capacity da efficiency. Don kwatanta daidai, masu saya ya kamata su kwatanta bayanai a yanayin gwaji iri ɗaya ko masu kama da juna.

Idan kundin samfuri biyu suna amfani da hasashe daban-daban, lambobin na iya zama ba za a iya kwatanta su kai tsaye ba. Wannan ɗaya ne daga cikin dalilan da yasa zaɓen maye gurbi ya kamata ya dogara da teburan aikin masana’anta ko software na zaɓi idan akwai su, ba kawai alamar HP ko BTU mai sauƙi ba.

Frequency da speed

A cikin kasuwannin fitarwa da yawa, ana iya sayar da compressors don tsarin wutar 50 Hz ko 60 Hz. Motar da aka tsara don duka frequency ɗin na iya nuna capacity da values na input daban-daban dangane da operating frequency. Gabaɗaya, speed yana shafar refrigerant mass flow, amma ƙimar ƙarshe dole ne ta fito daga bayanan masana’anta.

Kafin a maye gurbin model a tsakanin kasuwanni, tabbatar da voltage, phase, frequency, wiring, starting components da buƙatun protection. Daidaiton capacity ba ya isa idan ƙayyadadden wutar lantarki ba daidai ba ne.

Yadda Ake Kwatanta Compressor Models Daidai

Tsarin maye gurbi mai amfani yana farawa da model da ya lalace da kuma application, sannan yana duba capacity a ƙarƙashin irin wannan yanayin aiki. Manufar ba ita ce a sami compressor mai alamar HP iri ɗaya ba; manufar ita ce a daidaita required cooling duty da application envelope.

1. Gano original compressor da system duty

Rubuta cikakken lambar samfurin kwampreso, alama, sinadarin sanyaya, ƙarfin lantarki, phase, frequency da nau’in mai. Haka kuma tabbatar da nau’in kayan aiki: na’urar sanyaya iska, firiji, freezer, akwatin nuni, ɗakin sanyi, injin kankara ko condensing unit.

Ga ɗakin sanyi, bayanai masu amfani sun haɗa da zafin ɗaki, nauyin kaya, yanayin rufin zafi, nau’in evaporator, yanayin condenser da hanyar sarrafawa. Ga cabinet ko na’urar gida, lakabin asalin kwampreso da rukunin amfani suna da muhimmanci musamman.

2. Kwatanta ƙarfin sanyaya a zafin evaporating da condensing iri ɗaya

Nemi ƙarfin sanyaya da aka ƙayyade a BTU/h ko watts a ƙarƙashin yanayin evaporating da condensing iri ɗaya. Idan an ƙayyade asalin samfurin a wani yanayi kuma wanda za a maye gurbinsa a wani, kwatancen na iya zama mai ruɗani.

Sauƙaƙƙen lissafin ƙarfin sanyaya na iya taimakawa wajen kimanta nauyi, amma zaɓin kwampreso na ƙarshe ya kamata a duba shi da bayanan aikin kwampreso. A maye gurbin sabis, mafi aminci wurin farawa yawanci shi ne ƙimar aikin asalin samfurin, ba juyin HP na gaba ɗaya ba.

3. Duba zangon aikace-aikace da iyakar aiki

Tabbatar cewa an amince da kwampreso na maye gurbi don zangon aikace-aikacen. Muhimman abubuwa sun haɗa da:

• Ƙaramin, matsakaici ko babban aikace-aikacen back pressure
• Mafi ƙarancin da kuma mafi girman zafin evaporetin
• Mafi girman zafin condensing
• Iyakokin zafin iskar dawowa
• Nau’in na’urar faɗaɗa da ake buƙata
• Buƙatun sanyaya motar
• Firiji da mai da aka amince da su

Kwampreso da zai iya farawa kuma ya yi aiki ba lallai ba ne yana aiki cikin aminci a duk faɗin envelope ɗin da ake buƙata. Yin aiki a waje da envelope na iya rage rayuwar sa ko haifar da katsewar aiki ba tare da buƙata ba.

4. Kwatanta displacement, efficiency da dacewar jiki

Displacement na taimakawa wajen tabbatar da ko samfurin yana cikin irin ajin ƙarfin aiki ɗaya, musamman a cikin irin firiji ɗaya da kewayon aikace-aikace ɗaya. Bayanai na efficiency ma suna da amfani saboda maye gurbi da ke da irin ƙarfin aiki amma yana ɗaukar ƙarin ikon lantarki na iya ƙara kuɗin aiki da zafin da ake fitarwa.

Muhimman bayanan jiki da na shigarwa su ma suna da muhimmanci:

• Girman wajen ɗora wa
• Girma da wurin haɗin suction da discharge
• Girman shell
• Tsarin tashoshin wutar lantarki
• Bukatun start relay, capacitor ko contactor
• Cikawar mai da tsarin sabis
• Daidaituwa da condenser da evaporator na yanzu

Ga masu rarrabawa, waɗannan bayanai suna rage dawo da kaya kuma suna hana tura kwampreso da yake kusa a fasaha amma bai dace a aikace ba.

5. Duba ƙa’idojin gwaji da bayanan katalogi

Ƙididdigar kwampreso na iya nufin ƙa’idodin gwaji da aka amince da su ko wuraren ƙididdiga da masana’anta suka ayyana. Ana yawan ambaton yanayin ƙididdigar kwampreso na ASHRAE a kasuwanni da yawa, amma har yanzu ya kamata masu saya su karanta cikakkun bayanai. Ƙa’idar ko hanyar ƙididdiga tana ayyana yadda ake auna ƙarfin aiki da wutar lantarki, ciki har da yanayin zafi da wani lokaci zato kan superheat ko subcooling.

Idan an ƙididdige samfura biyu a ƙarƙashin ƙa’idodi ko yanayi daban-daban, kada a kwatanta lambar BTU/h ta kanun kai kai tsaye. Nemi bayanan aiki a wurin ƙididdiga guda ɗaya, ko a yi amfani da kayan aikin zaɓi na hukuma idan zai yiwu.

Ka’idoji Masu Amfani ga Masu Saya, Masu Rarrabawa da Masu Shigarwa

Daidaitaccen zaɓin kwampreso yana daidaita ƙarfin aiki, amincin aiki, dacewar lantarki da samuwa. Waɗannan ka’idoji suna da amfani yayin kula da tambayoyin sauya alama ko maye gurbi.

Ɗauki HP a matsayin matakin farawa, ba yanke shawara ba

HP yana da amfani wajen takaita bincike, amma bai kamata a ɗauke shi a matsayin kai tsaye canjin HP na kwampreso zuwa BTU ba. Yi amfani da HP don gano yiwuwar kewayon girma, sannan a tabbatar da ƙarfin sanyaya a BTU/h ko watts a ƙarƙashin yanayin da ya dace.

Tambayi yanayin aiki da ke bayan kowace lambar ƙarfin aiki

Duk lokacin da mai kaya ya faɗi ƙarfin BTU na kwampreso, tambaya: a wane yanayin zafin evaporating, yanayin zafin condensing, refrigerant da frequency? Idan babu waɗannan bayanai, ba za a iya amfani da lambar don daidaitawa mai aminci ba.

Daidaita dacewar refrigerant da mai

Compressor na maye gurbi dole ne ya dace da refrigerant da lubricant na tsarin. Sauya nau’in refrigerant ba shawarar compressor kawai ba ce; yana iya shafar expansion devices, controls, seals, oil return da aikin tsarin. Don maye gurbi na yau da kullum, daidaita asalin ƙayyadadden refrigerant yawanci shi ne hanya mafi sauƙi, sai dai idan akwai ƙwararren retrofit plan.

Guji yin girma fiye da kima da ƙanƙanta fiye da kima

Ƙanƙanta fiye da kima na iya haifar da dogon lokacin aiki, rashin saurin pull-down, zafin samfur mai yawa da korafe-korafen abokan ciniki. Girma fiye da kima na iya haifar da short cycling, rashin daidaiton control, raunin aikin humidity, rage inganci da yiwuwar matsalolin oil return. Mafi kyawun maye gurbi ba lallai ne ya zama mafi girma ba; shi ne wanda ya dace da nauyi da operating envelope.

Rubuta bayanan shawarwarin cross-reference

Ga masu rarraba spare parts da kamfanonin gyara, kowane cross-reference ya kamata ya ƙunshi dalilin zaɓi: original model, replacement model, refrigerant, voltage, rated capacity da rating condition. Wannan yana kare ƙungiyar tallace-tallace, yana tallafa wa installer kuma yana sa aikin service na gaba ya fi sauƙi.

Yi la’akari da yanayi da halin condenser

A yankuna masu zafi, zafin condensing mai yawa babban al’amari ne. Compressor da yake a kan iyaka a yanayin catalog na iya fuskantar wahala a shigarwa masu babban zafin muhalli. Masu sakawa ya kamata kuma su duba tsabtar condenser, kwararar iska da aikin fan kafin su ɗora laifin ƙarancin capacity ga compressor kaɗai.

Hanya Mai Sauƙi don Fahimtar Canjin HP zuwa BTU

Babu wani jadawalin horsepower na compressor na duniya baki ɗaya da zai iya sauya kowace ƙimar HP zuwa BTU/h daidai ga duk aikace-aikacen refrigeration. Duk wani jadawali kusan-kusan ne kawai sai dai idan ya bayyana refrigerant, application da rating conditions.

Kwatancen aiki yana kama da haka:

• Yi amfani da HP don kimanta babban rukunin girma.
• Yi amfani da BTU/h ko watts don kwatanta ainihin cooling capacity.
• Yi amfani da evaporating da condensing temperatures don sanya kwatancen ya zama mai ma’ana.
• Yi amfani da displacement don duba ko models suna kama a tsarin inji.
• Yi amfani da operating envelope don tabbatar da cewa compressor zai iya jurewa a cikin application ɗin.
• Yi amfani da electrical da physical specifications don tabbatar da cewa za a iya shigar da shi daidai.

Wannan hanya tana da muhimmanci musamman ga masu saye daga ƙasashen waje da ke nemo compressor brands da yawa. Brands daban-daban na iya amfani da model codes, capacity labels da catalog formats daban. Tsararren kwatanci yana rage kurakurai kuma yana taimaka wa masu saye su zaɓi maye-gurbin da ke aiki a ainihin systems, ba kawai a kan takarda ba.

Muhimmin Abu da za a Riƙe

Canjin compressor HP zuwa BTU ba wata tabbatacciyar dabara ba ce don zaɓen abin maye gurbi. Horsepower, BTU/h, watts da displacement duk suna ba da bayanai masu amfani, amma bai kamata a ɗauke su ɗaya bayan ɗaya ba. Daidaitaccen daidaitawa ya dogara ne da refrigerant, zafin aikace-aikace, yanayin condensing, ma’aunin kimantawa, wutar lantarki da kuma ƙirar tsarin.

Ga masu rarrabawa, kamfanonin sabis da masu aikin cold-room, mafi aminci shi ne a kwatanta samfuran compressor a ƙarƙashin irin wannan yanayin kimantawa kuma a tabbatar da cikakken application envelope kafin yin oda. Wannan shi ne bambanci tsakanin compressor da kawai ya dace da jerin farashi da compressor da ke aiki da dogaro a filin.