Yadda Ake Zaɓar Kwampreso don Tsarin Sanyaya na Ƙananan Zafi da Firiza

Na'urar sanyaya mai ƙarancin zafi tana sanya damuwa mai yawa a kan kwampreso fiye da sanyaya mai matsakaicin zafi. Freezers, ɗakunan adana abinci daskararre, blast freezers, da deep-freeze cabinets suna aiki da ƙananan yanayin zafin evaporating, manyan compression ratios, da buƙatun sarrafawa masu tsauri. Hakan yana canza yadda masu saye ya kamata su tantance ƙarfin kwampreso, sanyayar mota, discharge temperature, oil return, da dacewar refrigerant.

Ga masu rarrabawa, kamfanonin sabis, da masu girka cold-room, zaɓen kwampreso ba kawai shawara ta fasaha ba ce. Yana shafar amintuwa, tazarar sauyawa, pull-down time, amfani da makamashi, da ko tsarin zai iya jure ainihin yanayin aiki kamar yanayin zafi mai tsanani na muhalli, yawan buɗe ƙofofi, dogayen bututun piping, da nauyin defrost cycles.

Kwampreso da yake aiki da kyau a cikin chiller ko cold room mai matsakaicin zafi na iya fuskantar matsala sosai a aikin freezer. Zaɓin da ya dace yana farawa da yanayin aikace-aikacen, ba kawai nominal horsepower ba.

Me ya sa aikace-aikacen ƙarancin zafi suka bambanta

Kwampreso don na'urar sanyaya mai ƙarancin zafi dole ne ya yi aiki cikin inganci da aminci a ƙananan suction pressures. Yayin da evaporating temperature ke raguwa, compression ratio yana ƙaruwa. Wannan yawanci yana nufin:

• ƙarancin yawan kwararar nauyi don wani takamaiman displacement
• mafi girman zafin fitarwa
• raguwar ingancin volumetric
• ƙarin matsin lamba a kan valves, mai, da insulation na mota
• ƙarin saurin kamuwa da matsalolin cajin refrigerant da dawowar mai

Misalan aikace-aikacen ƙananan zafi sun haɗa da:

• ɗakunan freezer
• rumbunan ajiyar kayayyaki masu daskararre
• vitrines na kayayyaki masu daskararre a manyan kantuna
• kabad ɗin ice cream
• blast freezers
• process freezers
• tsarin deep-freeze

A zahiri, masu saya ya kamata su mai da hankali kan cikakken kewayon aiki. Dole ne compressor ya iya jurewa duka yanayin ƙira da kuma yanayi masu wahala a wurin aiki, kamar condensers masu datti, ƙarancin daidaiton superheat, dogayen layukan refrigerant, da rashin daidaiton kulawa.

Fara da ainihin yanayin zafin aiki

Muhimmin bayanin shigarwa shi ne ainihin yanayin zafin evaporating, ba kawai saitin zafin ɗaki ba.

Ɗakin freezer mai zafin ɗaki na -18°C ba yana nufin compressor yana aiki ne a yanayin zafin evaporating na -18°C ba. Yanayin zafin evaporating yawanci yana ƙasa da haka domin evaporator yana buƙatar bambancin zafi don cire zafi. Ainihin tazarar tana dogara da ƙirar evaporator, kwararar iska, yanayin sanyi mai daskararre, da lodin tsarin.

Yanayin zafin evaporating da kewayon aikace-aikace

Lokacin zaɓen compressor na freezer, tabbatar da cewa:

• zafin ɗakin ko samfurin da ake niyya
• zafin evaporation a ƙarƙashin nauyi na al’ada
• zafin condensation a yanayin muhalli na wurin
• superheat na tsotsa da ake tsammani
• bukatar saukar da zafi zuwa matakin ƙira

Tsarin da ke aiki da ɗakin daskararre, ɗakin taurin daskarewa, da nauyin aikin ultra-low duk ana iya kiransu low temp, amma bukatun compressor ɗinsu na iya bambanta sosai.

A faɗaɗɗe:

• Aikin freezer yawanci yana buƙatar compressor da ya dace da ƙananan zafin evaporation tare da kwanciyar aikin da ke ƙasa da yanayin chiller na al’ada.
• Aikin deep-freeze ko ultra-low temperature na iya buƙatar refrigerants na musamman, kariyar motor da aka ƙarfafa, allurar ruwa, ƙirar economized, ko compression mai matakai biyu.

Kada a yi sizing ta horsepower kaɗai

Horsepower ba hanya ce mai kyau ta gajeriyar hanya ba wajen zaɓin compressor na low-temp. Compressors biyu masu irin ƙarfin motor kusan ɗaya na iya bayar da capacity mai bambanci sosai a ƙananan zafin evaporation. Masu saye ya kamata su kwatanta:

• capacity na refrigeration a yanayin evaporation da condensation da ake buƙata
• shigar wuta a waɗannan yanayi iri ɗaya
• iyakokin operating envelope
• bukatun sarrafa zafin discharge
• dacewar refrigerant da mai

Ga ayyukan maye gurbi, wannan yana da muhimmanci musamman. Compressor mai kama da juna a suna na iya dacewa da haɗin bututu amma ya kasa a aikace-aikacen saboda envelope ɗinsa na ƙananan zafi ya fi ƙanƙanta.

Sarrafa zafin fitarwa da damuwar matsawa

Matsanancin zafin fitarwa na daga cikin manyan haɗurra a refrigeration mai ƙananan zafi. Yayin da iskar tsotsa ke ƙara yin sanyi kuma rabo na matsa lamba ke ƙaruwa, zafin fitarwa na iya tashi zuwa matakan da ke lalata mai, bawuloli, gaskets, da nadin motar lantarki.

Me ya sa zafin fitarwa yake da muhimmanci

Matsanancin zafin fitarwa na iya haifar da:

• lalacewar mai da samuwar carbon
• raguwar ingancin lubrication
• lalacewar farantin bawul
• trips marasa amfani a kan thermal protection
• gajeriyar rayuwar compressor

Wannan haɗarin yana ƙara tsananta idan tsarin kuma yana da:

• zafin condensing mai yawa
• ƙarancin suction pressure
• rashin isasshen sanyaya na return gas
• ƙarancin refrigerant mass flow
• rashin kyakkyawan kula da condenser

Hanyoyin da aka saba amfani da su don sarrafa zafin fitarwa

Dangane da ƙirar compressor da refrigerant, ana iya sarrafa zafin fitarwa ta amfani da:

• liquid injection
• vapor injection ko economizer circuits
• tsarin head cooling fan a wasu ƙirar semi-hermetic
• daidaitaccen sarrafa superheat
• sizing da tsaftace condenser
• rage compression ratio ta hanyar ingantaccen tsarin ƙira
• two-stage compression don evaporating temperatures masu matuƙar ƙasa

Ga masu saye da ‘yan kwangila, muhimmin batu yana da sauƙi: kada ku ɗauka cewa kowane low temp refrigeration compressor zai iya aiki lafiya a dukkan cikakken kewayon freezer ba tare da ƙarin matakan sanyaya ba. Koyaushe ku tabbatar ko samfurin yana buƙatar injection, external cooling, ko tsauraran iyakokin aiki.

Zaɓin refrigerant yana shafar zaɓin compressor

Refrigerant ba cikakken bayani na biyu ba ne. Yana shafar kai tsaye capacity na compressor, motor loading, discharge temperature, oil management, pressure levels, da replacement options.

Abin da za a duba lokacin da ake daidaita refrigerant da compressor

Kafin zaɓar ko maye gurbin compressor, tabbatar da:

• refrigerants da aka amince da su don wannan samfurin compressor
• capacity da ake sa ran samu a yanayin freezer tare da wannan refrigerant
• nau’in lubricant da ake buƙata
• halayen discharge temperature
• dacewar expansion device
• jituwa da abubuwan tsarin da controls da suke akwai

Wasu refrigerants ana yawan amfani da su a tsarin low da medium temperature, yayin da wasu ake zaɓarsu saboda ƙananan discharge temperature, takamaiman buƙatun ƙa’ida, ko hanyoyin retrofit. A aikace-aikacen deep-freeze ko ultra low temperature, zaɓin refrigerant yana ƙara zama mai matuƙar muhimmanci saboda compressor na iya buƙatar ƙirar aikace-aikace ta musamman ko tsari na multistage.

Masu sayen replacement ya kamata su yi taka-tsantsan da daidaita nau’o’i tsakanin brands

Ba za a iya zaɓar kwampreso na maye gurbi ta amfani da sunan refrigerant, displacement, da voltage kaɗai ba. Sauyawa tsakanin brands daban-daban ya kamata kuma a duba:

• iyakar aikace-aikacen low-temperature
• hanyar kariyar motor
• nau’in mai da adadin caji
• hanyar sanyaya
• girman haɗe-haɗe da alkiblarsu
• tsarin aiki na defrost da pump-down

A nan ne matsaloli da yawa a wurin aiki suke farawa. Kwampreso na iya yin aiki da farko amma ya lalace da wuri saboda yanayin aikace-aikacen ya wuce kewayon aikin low-temp da aka ƙera shi domin sa.

Oil return, ƙirar bututun piping, da defrost ba ƙananan bayanai ba ne

Yawancin lalacewar kwampreso na low-temperature suna da alaƙa da yanayin tsarin aiki maimakon lahani daga masana’anta. Tsawon bututu, mummunar tsara suction line, defrost mara daidaito, da evaporators masu girma fiye da kima duk na iya shafar dorewar kwampreso.

Oil return yana ƙara wahala a low temperature

A ƙananan saurin suction da kuma tsawon nisan bututu, mai na iya ci gaba da makale a cikin evaporator ko suction line. Taruwar ƙanƙara da yanayin load mai canzawa na iya ƙara tsananta matsalar.

Mummunan oil return na iya haifar da:

• trips na low oil level
• lalacewar bearing
• aiki mai hayaniya
• raguwar heat transfer a cikin evaporator
• a ƙarshe kwampreso ya ƙame

Masu rarrabawa da contractors ya kamata su mai da hankali sosai ga:

• ƙirar bututun tashi a tsaye
• girman layin tsotsa
• tarkon mai inda ya dace
• saurin gudun layi yayin yanayin mafi ƙarancin lodi
• daidaiton zagayowar evaporator
• amfani da separator a manyan ko mafi rikitarwa tsarin

Kwampreso da yake daidai a fannin fasaha a takarda na iya har yanzu yin aiki ƙasa da yadda ake tsammani idan ƙirar bututun ba ta tallafa wa amintaccen dawowar mai ba.

Defrost yana canza tsarin aiki

Defrost yana da tasiri kai tsaye kan zaɓin kwampreson freezer saboda yana canza zafin evaporator, halayen tsotsa, da jimillar lodin tsarin.

Mahimman tasiri sun haɗa da:

• asarar ƙarfin sanyaya na ɗan lokaci a lokacin lokutan defrost
• lodin da ya fi girma nan da nan bayan defrost
• danshi da kankara suna shafar aikin gefen iska
• yiwuwar haɗarin liquid floodback yayin sake farawa idan controls ba su da kyau

Lokacin tantance low temp compressor don ɗakin freezer ko display case, a yi la’akari da:

• hanyar defrost da ake amfani da ita
• yawan maimaita defrost
• buƙatar pull-down bayan defrost
• haɗarin ƙaura na refrigerant yayin off cycle
• dumamar crankcase da dabarar pump-down

Maimaitattun zagayowar defrost na iya haifar da canje-canje masu tsanani a aiki fiye da aikin ajiyar daskararre mai daidaito. Ya kamata ƙungiyoyin sabis su duba ba girman kwampreso kaɗai ba, har da controls, aikin solenoid, ƙarshen defrost, da jerin sake farawa.

Zaɓen nau’in kwampreso da ya dace don aikin freezer da deep-freeze

Babu nau’in kwampreso guda ɗaya da ya fi dacewa ga kowane tsarin sanyaya na ƙananan zafin jiki. Zaɓin da ya dace yana dogara da girman aikace-aikace, refrigerant, kewayon zafin jiki, sauƙin gyarawa, da kasafin kuɗi.

Hermetic compressors

Ana yawan amfani da hermetic compressors a cikin ƙananan na’urorin freezer da aka haɗa a fakiti da kuma kabad. Za su iya zama zaɓi mai amfani inda tsarin yake ƙarami kuma an daidaita shi tun daga masana’anta.

Ƙarfin su:

• ƙaramar ƙira
• ƙarancin rikitarwa wajen girkawa
• ana yawan samun su a cikin kayan aikin da aka gina a masana’anta

Iyakoki:

• ƙarancin sauƙin gyara a wurin aiki
• dole ne a duba application envelope a hankali don amfani da ƙananan zafin jiki
• sauyawa sau da yawa yana buƙatar kusan daidaiton lantarki da aikin daidai

Semi-hermetic reciprocating compressors

Ana yawan amfani da semi-hermetic reciprocating compressors a dakunan sanyi, condensing units, da manyan tsarin freezer. Sau da yawa ana fifita su inda sauƙin gyarawa da faɗin sassaucin aikace-aikace suke da muhimmanci.

Ƙarfin su:

• sauƙin gyara a wurin aiki
• dacewa mai kyau ga aikace-aikacen freezer da yawa
• faɗin kewayon ƙarfi
• zaɓi na gama gari ga ’yan kwangilar dakunan sanyi da kasuwannin sauyawa

Abubuwan lura:

• sarrafa zafin fitarwa
• halayen unloading inda aka tanada
• sarrafa mai a tsarin da ke da dogayen layuka
• zaɓin refrigerant da sigar mota daidai

Scroll compressors don aikin ƙananan zafin jiki

Wasu scroll compressors an tsara su don sanyaya na ƙananan zafin jiki kuma suna iya bayar da girkawa mai ƙanƙanta da kuma ƙarancin sassa masu motsi. Duk da haka, dacewa ta dogara sosai da refrigerant da aka amince da shi da kuma operating envelope.

Ƙarfafa bangarori:

• ƙanƙanta kuma mai inganci a aikace-aikacen da ya dace
• ana yawan samun su a cikin packaged condensing units

Abubuwan lura:

• tsauraran bin operating envelope
• jin kai ga dawowar ruwa
• buƙatun injection a wasu nau'ikan low-temp

Two-stage compressors don zafin evaporating mai matuƙar ƙasa

Lokacin da zafin evaporating ya yi matuƙar ƙasa, two stage compressor don aikace-aikacen freezer ko deep-freeze na iya zama zaɓi mafi kyau. Two-stage compression yana rage compression ratio da ake ɗauka a mataki guda kuma yana iya inganta daidaiton aiki a yanayi masu wahala.

Dalilan da aka saba la'akari da two-stage compression:

• matuƙar ƙananan zafin suction
• haɗarin yawan zafin discharge tare da ƙirar single-stage
• aikace-aikacen deep-freeze ko hardening
• mafi dacewa da aikin zafin matuƙar ƙasa

Wannan ba yana nufin cewa kowanne freezer yana buƙatar na'urar two-stage ba. Ga ɗakunan adana kayan daskararre da yawa na al'ada, single-stage low temp compressor da aka zaɓa yadda ya kamata ya isa sosai. Shawarar ta dogara da ainihin zafin evaporating da yanayin tsarin.

Jerin duba na aikace ga masu saye, masu rarrabawa, da ƙungiyoyin sabis

Lokacin kwatanta kwampreso don sanyaya mai ƙananan zafi, yi amfani da tsararren jerin bincike maimakon zaɓe bisa ga dangin samfur kawai.

Babban jerin binciken zaɓi

Tabbatar da waɗannan kafin yin oda:

• zafin ɗaki ko na samfur da ake buƙata
• zafin ƙirar evaporation
• zafin ƙirar condensation
• nau'in refrigerant
• wutar lantarki, phase, da frequency
• ƙarfin sanyaya a ainihin yanayin aiki
• iyakar yanayin aikin kwampreso
• hanyar sarrafa zafin fitarwa
• nau'in mai da abubuwan la’akari game da dawowar mai
• hanyar defrost da tsarin saukar zafi bayan defrost
• tsawon layi da tsarin shimfiɗar bututu
• na’urorin sarrafawa da kariya da ake da su
• dacewar hawa, haɗi, da girma don maye gurbi

Tambayoyi masu muhimmanci a kasuwanci da ya kamata a yi

Ga masu sayen kayan gyara na ƙasashen waje da ’yan kwangilar ayyuka, waɗannan tambayoyin suna taimakawa wajen guje wa sayen da bai dace ba:

• An ƙididdige wannan kwampreso don ainihin aikin freezer mai ƙananan zafi ne, ko kuwa don aikin matsakaicin zafi kawai?
• Wane ƙarfin aiki yake bayarwa a ainihin yanayin evaporation da condensation?
• Shin aikace-aikacen yana buƙatar liquid injection, vapor injection, ko two-stage compression?
• Shin an amince da refrigerant ɗin don wannan sigar kwampreso?
• Shin tsarin da ake da shi zai samar da ingantacciyar dawowar mai da sake farawa mai aminci bayan defrost?
• Shin maye gurbin an yi niyya ne don aikin freezer na ajiya, aikin pull-down, ko sarrafa deep-freeze?

Muhimmin ƙarshe

Zaɓen kwampreso na firiza ba wai batun zaɓar mafi kusa da ƙarfin horsepower ko kuma daidaita tsohon nameplate gwargwadon iko ba ne. Sanyaya na ƙananan zafi yana ƙara damuwar matsewa, yana ƙara haɗarin zafin fitarwa, kuma yana ƙara matsa lamba kan dawowar mai da ingancin sarrafawa.

Mafi kyawun tsarin zaɓi yana farawa da ainihin yanayin evaporating da condensing, sannan a duba dacewar refrigerant, iyakar aiki, sarrafa zafin fitarwa, kula da mai, da tasirin zagayowar defrost. Don daidaitattun ɗakunan firiza, kwampreso na ƙananan zafi mai ƙimar da ta dace na iya isa. Don yanayin zafin evaporating mai zurfi da aikace-aikace masu tsanani, ƙira ta musamman don ƙananan zafi ko matsewa mai matakai biyu na iya zama hanya mafi aminci.

Ga masu rarrabawa, kamfanonin gyara, da masu girkawa, wannan hanya tana rage matsalolin garanti, maimaitattun kiran sabis, da rashin dacewa masu tsada a wurin aiki.